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Sustainability 2022, 14, 10125 25 of 39 Table 8. Utility prices for the original scenario (SES) plus the six additional ones. All values expressed in €/kWh. Scenarios SE30a SE60a SE30b SE60b SE30c SE60c Gas (CHP) 0.045 0.045 0.0585 0.072 0.0585 0.072 Gas (BOI) 0.06 0.06 0.078 0.096 0.078 0.096 Electricity Bought 0.17 0.17 0.221 0.272 0.221 0.272 Electricity Sold 0.07 0.04 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.04 SES 0.045 0.06 0.17 0.10 Sustainability 2022, 14, 10125 Figures 11–13 report the optimal configuration, in terms of installed capacity, for each component in each scenario (for both users and central unit). Figure 11 shows the behaviour of installed capacities for engines, absorption chillers, heat pumps, and PV panels (all of them at user level). As observed, the installed capacity of engines (ICE) is around the same for both reference scenarios (ECS and SES). However, the sensitive analysis showed that all scenarios with altered utility prices resulted in a reduction of around 15% of the installed capacity of engines. In order to understand it, the reader should keep in mind the increase in the prices for gas and electricity bought and the decrease in the price of electricity sold for the six scenarios presented in Table 8. With such price alterations, the optimizer does not identify the same advantage as before to self-produce more electricity to obtain the revenue by selling electricity to the grid. Instead, the optimizer suggests a configuration where the EC produces and sells less electricity. As an alternative, the optimizer proposes to use the non-sold electricity to feed more HPs. Indeed, the total installed capacity of HPs increases by 75% on average for the six sensitive scenarios. Moreover, the amount of electricity destined to feed HPs increased by almost three times (see Table 9). Figure 11. Total installed capacities for engines, ABSs, HPs, and PVp in the 9 users together. Sensitive Figure 11. Total installed capacities for engines, ABSs, HPs, and PVp in the 9 users together. Sensi- analysis for the two reference scenarios (ECS and SES) plus the results for six additional scenarios. tive analysis for the two reference scenarios (ECS and SES) plus the results for six additional scenar- ios. 200 100 0 28 of 41 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 ECS SES ICE (kW) SE30a SE60a ABS (kW) HP (kW) SE60b SE30c PV panels (kWp) SE60c SE30b The decrease in gas consumption by BOIs and the increase in heat storage in the central unit are two key consequences for such an increase in the HPs’ installed capacity. Such a f5a0c0t shows the tendency that the EC has to store electricity when there is no convenience to sell it to the grid. Since no electricity storage was considered for this EC, the optimal s4o0l0ution suggests the storage of heat by powering more HPs. Nevertheless, even in this way, the presence of a higher heat storage capacity prevents the optimizer to install even m30o0re HPs, since the EC can take part of the demanded heat from the heat storage. ECS SES SE30a SE60a SE30b SE60b SE30c SE60c MGT (kW) BOI (kW) CC (kW) STp users (m2)PDF Image | Optimal Sharing Electricity and Thermal Energy
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