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Sustainability 2022, 14, 10125 30 of 39 Sustainability 2022, 14, 10125 Sustainability 2022, 14, 10125 32 of 41 cost results, which are directly related to the higher prices of gas and electricity. This is especially true for the total annual operating costs, which were 32% higher (on average) than the “a” scenario and are directly associated to the price of the gas. Bearing the higher in the subcategories “b” and “c”. This is due to the considerable increase in the same comparison in mind, the total investment costs with components were, on average, higher in the subcategories “b” and “c”. This is due to the considerable increase in the installed capacity of components such as ABSs, HPs, PVp, STp, and TStors. 42% higher in the subcategories “b” and “c”. This is due to the considerable increase in the installed capacity of components such as ABSs, HPs, PVp, STp, and TStors. One of the results presented in Figure 16 is the total annual cost of the entire EC. As installed capacity of components such as ABSs, HPs, PVp, STp, and TStors. One of the results presented in Figure 16 is the total annual cost of the entire EC. As noted, the three subcategories (“a”, “b”, and “c”) present approximately the same behav- One of the results presented in Figure 16 is the total annual cost of the entire EC. noted, the three subcategories (“a”, “b”, and “c”) present approximately the same behav- ioAusr onfotehde,ctohsetstrherpeeorstuedbcianteFgigourires1(5“.aB”,y“cbo”m, panardin“gc”w)ipthretsheenstcaepnparioxiwmitahteoluyttshearsianmge iour of the costs reported in Figure 15. By comparing with the scenario without sharing elbeecthraicviitoyu(rECofS)t,htehecossctesnraerpiosrtSeEdS,inSEF3i0gau,raen1d5S. EB6y0acopmropvaidriensgavwinitghstohfe8s0c,e3n1a.6r,ioanwdit2h3o.2ut electricity (ECS), the scenarios SES, SE30a, and SE60a provide savings of 80, 31.6, and 23.2 k€s/hya,rrinesgpelcetcitvreiclyit,yw(EhCileS)t,htehescsecnenarairoiossSSEE3S0,bS,ES3E06a0,ba,nSdE3S0Ec6,0anpdroSvEi6d0ecsraevsiunlgtesdofin80t,o3ta1l.6, k€/y, respectively, while the scenarios SE30b, SE60b, SE30c, and SE60c resulted in total ananuda2l3c.o2skt€i/ncyr,eraesepeocfti4v5e6l.y8,,w93h0il.5e,t4h5e7s.4ce,nanardio9s2S9E.63k0€b/,yS.EA6n0bal,oSgEo3u0scl,ya,nadsaSlEs6o0rcerpeosrutletded annual cost increase of 456.8, 930.5, 457.4, and 929.6 k€/y. Analogously, as also reported ininFitgoutarel a1n6,ntuhaelscoesntairniocsreSaEsSe,oSfE43506a.,8a,n9d30S.E56,04a57re.4s,ualtned9in29a.p6pkr€o/xyim. Aatnelaylothgoeusaslmy,ealsevaelslo in Figure 16, the scenarios SES, SE30a, and SE60a resulted in approximately the same level ofretoptoarltaendniunaFliCguOr2ee1m6,istshieonssc.eHnaorwioesvSeEr,Si,nStEh3e0sac,eanadriSoEs6S0Ea3r0ebs,uSlEte6d0bin,SaEp3p0rco,xainmdaSteEl6y0tch,e of total annual CO2 emissions. However, in the scenarios SE30b, SE60b, SE30c, and SE60c, thseamECe lemveitltoedf ,totnalaavnenraugael,C9O% lemssisCsOio2nps.erHyoewarev(oer,6in90thteCsOce2/nya),riwoshSicEh3i0sbi,nSEag6r0ebe,mSEe3n0tc, 2 the EC emitted, on average, 9% less CO2 per year (or 690 t CO2/y), which is in agreement waitnhdtShEe6l0ocw, ethregEasCceomnsitutmedp,toionnavinertahgeese, 9s%cenleasrsioCsO(T2 apbelrey9earnd(oFri6g9u0ret C17O).2/y), which is in with the lower gas consumption in these scenarios (Table 9 and Figure 17). agreement with the lower gas consumption in these scenarios (Table 9 and Figure 17). 7851.3 7571.2 7763.6 7768.9 32 of 41 7851.3 7571.2 7763.6 7768.9 7068.7 7039.9 7068.7 7039.9 7046.5 7043.1 7046.5 7043.1 2384.1 2384.1 2304.1 2352.5 2352.5 SE30a SE30a 2360.9 2840.9 3314.6 3314.6 SE60b SE60b 2841.5 2841.5 SE30c SE30c 3313.7 3313.7 SE60c SE60c 2304.1 2360.9 2840.9 SE60a SE30b SE60a SE30b ECS SES ECS SES Total annual cost (k€/y) Total annual cost (k€/y) Total annual emissions (t/y) Total annual emissions (t/y) Figure 16. Total annual CO2 emissions and costs of the EC. Sensitive analysis for the two reference Figure 16. Total annual CO2 emissions and costs of the EC. Sensitive analysis for the two reference Figure 16. Total annual CO2 emissions and costs of the EC. Sensitive analysis for the two reference scenarios (ECS and SES) plus the results for six additional scenarios. scenarios (ECS and SES) plus the results for six additional scenarios. scenarios (ECS and SES) plus the results for six additional scenarios. 82.4 12.20.0 SE60a 17.10.3 SE60c Saved emissions by selling elect. (t/y) 9770.5 9 0.5 8912.7 8 2.7 2001.6 2001 1354.2 82.4 1354 12.2 0.0 126.5 22.4 48.2 17.1 0.3 .6 77 12.7 126.5 48.2 20.1 19.212.4 26.1 12.7 20.1 19.1 26.1 SE30b SE60b SE30c SE30b SE60b SE30c .2 91 Emissions from electricity bought (t/y) Saved emissions by selling elect. (t/y) 7803.4 78 3.4 45.2 5.45.2 5.4 SE30a 7756.7 77 6.7 7175.1 71 5.1 7043.2 7024.5 70 3.2 7024.5 7026.3 70 6.3 ECS SES ECS SES SE30a SE60a SE60c Emissions from electricity bought (t/y) Emissions from gas combustion (t/y) 0 5 7 4 2 Emissions from gas combustion (t/y) Figure 17. Total annual CO2 emissions from electricity bought and gas combustion, as well as saved Figure 17. Total annual CO2 emissions from electricity bought and gas combustion, as well as saved Fiegmuirses1io7n.sTodtuael atonneuleacltCriOci2tyemsoisldsi.oSnesnfsriotmivelaencatrliycsiitsyfboorutghhettawnodrgeafesrceonmcebuscsetinoanr,ioasw(EeCllSaasnsdavSeEdS) emissions due to electricity sold. Sensitive analysis for the two reference scenarios (ECS and SES) emissions due to electricity sold. Sensitive analysis for the two reference scenarios (ECS and SES) plus the results for six additional scenarios. plus the results for six additional scenarios. plus the results for six additional scenarios. Figure 17 shows the emissions picture in more detail. It is possible to note that, Figure 17 shows the emissions picture in more detail. It is possible to note that, alt- althFoiugguhreth1e7sschenowarsiotshSeEe3m0aisasniodnSsEp6i0caturreesuinltemdoinrethdetsaiml.eItleisveplosfstiboltealtaonnoutaeltehmaits,saioltn-s hough the scenarios SE30a and SE60a resulted in the same level of total annual emissions as hough the scenarios SE30a and SE60a resulted in the same level of total annual emissions as scenario SES (Figure 16), the emissions due to gas combustion in this scenario was about scenario SES (Figure 16), the emissions due to gas combustion in this scenario was about 14% higher if compared to the same emissions for scenarios SE30a and SE60a (Figure 17). 14% higher if compared to the same emissions for scenarios SE30a and SE60a (Figure 17). However, scenario SES (and scenario ECS) was provided with a compensation due to saved However, scenario SES (and scenario ECS) was provided with a compensation due to savedPDF Image | Optimal Sharing Electricity and Thermal Energy
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