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The rationality of assumption 1 can be verified via the experimental results of radial temperature distribution of ceramic balls, which is shown as Fig.5. FIGURE 5 Microelement for modeling and Temperature measuring section location (a) Charging process (b)Discharging process FIGURE 6 Radial temperature distribution of ceramic balls in measurement section of 2.0 m high along the TES tank It can be seen from Fig.6 that the maximum radial temperature difference of ceramic balls is about 40 °C and 15 °C during the charging and discharging process respectively, which indicates good radial uniformity of the packed bed considering that the temperature level of TES is relatively high in this study. Notably, the maximum radial temperature difference of discharging process is much smaller than that of charging, for the reason that the packed bed with irregular porosity can contribute to making the air flow more and more evenly when air flows upward through it during discharging. Based on the above assumptions, a set of transient, one-dimensional energy equations for both fluid (1) and solid (2) phases along the axis of the bed can be modeled as follows: Fluid: Solid: R2 (fcfTf )R2U(fcfTf )hSs(Ts Tf )Uwall2R(T Tf ) (1) t z c(1)R2 Ts hS(T T) (2) ss tsfs Where, is porosity of packed bed, T is surrounding temperature, R is radius of TES tank and U is the average fluid velocity in the packed bed, which is expressed as: U mf (3) R2 f 080027-4PDF Image | packed-bed thermal energy storage device
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