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Thermo-physical properties Density (kg/m3) Specific Heat c (J/(kg·K) TABLE 3. Fitting curves for air properties dependent on temperature Fitting Curves(20°C~1000°C) =0.5988exp -0.006201T 0.6866exp -0.0009295T ff c (0.0001964T 0.9928) 103 ppf viscosity coefficient (kg/(m·s)) f (0.3869exp(0.0003123Tf )-0.2146exp(-0.001726Tf ))10(4) Seen from Fig.9, the modeling predicted temperatures versus time at different height locations along the packed bed during discharging are compared with the actual experimental data under various working conditions. The trend of temperature curves from the modeling prediction and experimental test is quite consistent. (a) 100Nm3/h (b) 150Nm3/h FIGURE 9 Comparison of modeling predicted results with experimental results under various operating conditions Table 4 shows error analysis of the above modeling prediction results compared with experimental results, seen from which the average relative error is always less than 7%. With uncertainties in experimental tests and assumptions in modeling considered, it is believed that the agreement between modeling prediction and experimental results is quite satisfactory, which indicates that the current modeling and its numerical solution method have a relatively high accuracy and precision. TABLE 4. Error analysis of experimental validation Working Conditions 500°C Average Error(°C) 100Nm3/h Average Relative Error 500°C Average Error(°C) 150Nm3/h Average Relative Error h=0.5m 1.04 2.22% 0.56 1.52% RESULTS h=1.0m 0.71 0.86% 2.31 3.72% h=1.5m 2.36 1.81% 5.60 5.65% h=2.0m 11.53 6.29% 9.94 6.73% Error Analysis This paper presents a pilot-scale setup built to study performance of a packed bed TES device using ceramic balls as TES material while air as HTF. Temperature distribution of ceramic balls throughout the packed bed is investigated both experimentally and numerically. Experiments under various working conditions have been carried out, and a one-dimensional two-phase transient model has been developed based on the actual testing device. Method of characteristic is adopted to improve the numerical computing efficiency, and mesh independence is verified to guarantee the accuracy of numerical solutions and the economy of computing time cost at the same time. Results have shown that the current modeling and its numerical solution method have a relatively high accuracy and precision, which indicates that the model can be used to further study on performance parameters effects on TES, 080027-8PDF Image | packed-bed thermal energy storage device
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