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Crystals 2021, 11, 951 4 of 14 The course of the melting and solidifying process of the PCM was investigated during the experiments. The material was tested as follows: Temperature sensors were installed on the supply and return of the storage tank water system. The flow meter measured the water flow continuously, and the measurement results were saved every 10 s. The mass of the material used to fill the bed, which was used during the test, was 822.3 kg. It should be noted that the calculations did not take into account heat losses due to the environment or the heat accumulated in the structural elements of the tank itself, in which the phase change material was located. 2.2. Materials: Paraffin Wax (PW) and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) A phase change material with the properties described below was used during the tests. The phase change temperature of the PW was 54 ◦C with the other related prop- erties tabulated, as shown in Table 1. Paraffin wax from the unit bed at our laboratory was provided by NET (New Energy Transfer Company, Poland). The MWCNTs had the following parameters: 9.5 nm in diameter, 1.5 μm in length, and a carbon purity of approximately 90%. Table 1. Physical properties of the paraffin wax (PW) [5]. Thermal-Related Parameters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Melting temperature Latent heat of fusion Density of PW (liquid phase) Density of PW Specific heat of PW (liquid phase) Thermal conductivity Viscosity Kinematic viscosity Prandtl number Thermal expansion coefficient Value 54.32 184.48 775.00 833.60 2.44 0.15 6.3 × 10−3 8.31 × 10−5 1001.23 7.14 × 10−3 Unit ◦C kJ/kg kg/m3 kg/m3 kJ/kgK W/mK P.S (Pascal Second) m2/s - 1/◦C 2.3. Preparation of PW Using the Melting Method Crystals 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEWParaffin and Paraffin/MWCNT compounds were prepared separately5boyf 1a5dding CNTs and MWCNTs, respectively, to paraffin using a mechanical dispersion method. The first batch of samples was prepared with a different load of nanoparticles corresponding to 0w.5e%igh(tPeWd a1n-dCNmeTl)te,d0.i7n5a%b(ePakWer-2oCnNaTho),tpalnadte1st%irr(ePrWat-730C°NC.TM) bagynmetiacsst.irPrianrgafwfianswapa-x was ◦ weipglihetdedfora1ndh amfterltaeddingadibffeareknetrfroanctiaonhsootpf nlatneopstairtricelresa,tfo7l0lowCed. Mbyasgoneictaictiosntirforirn3g was apphl.iFedinaflolyr,1the alifqtueirdacdodmipnogudnidfsfewrenret cforaolcetdioantsroofmnatenmopearattiucrlest,ofoblltoaiwneadsoblyids(oFnigi-cation ure 2). Element analysis for PW from the TES unit and the pristine one from the Techno for 3 h. Finally, the liquid compounds were cooled at room temperature to obtain a solid Pharm Chem company are showed in Appendix A. (Figure 2). Element analysis for PW from the TES unit and the pristine one from the Techno Pharm Chem company are showed in Appendix A. Figure 2. (a) Sample preparation using the mechanical dispersion method. (b) Final product following sample preparation of PCM with MWCNT. Figure 2. (a) Sample preparation using the mechanical dispersion method. (b) Final product following sample preparation of PCM with MWCNT. 2.4. Thoretical Background of TES System Evaluation In this section, we review the necessary equations and theoretical foundations to evaluate the thermal energy storage (TES) and the temperature of the feed water, whichPDF Image | Paraffin Wax As a Phase Changing Material PCM
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