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Crystals 2021, 11, 951 11 of 14 Authors (Year) Wang et al. (2009) [10] Wang et al. (2011) [12] Teng et al. (2013) [13] Ye et al. (2014) [14] PCM Paraffin Paraffin Palmitic acid Paraffin Na2CO3/ MgO Type of Additives MWCNTs G8-CNT G18-CNT MWCNTs Graphite MWCNTs Fraction of Additives 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 - 1, 2 and 3 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.5% Comments The composite containing 2.0 wt.% had a higher thermal conductivity of 35% and 40%, respectively, in solid and liquid states. The thermal conductivity of paraffin and palmitic acid were improved by adding a small amount of G8-CNT. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of CNTs is clearly affected by the length of the grafted chain. MWCNTs were more effective in enhancing paraffin performance in all experimental parameters compared to graphite. As the weight percentage of the MWCNTs increased, the thermal conductivity of the composite PCMs increased by approximately 96% (the highest) for 0.5% of MWCNTs. 4. Conclusions Phase change materials (PCMs) are considered efficient for storing thermal energy due to their high latent temperature and slight temperature variation during the phase change process. Based on a literature review of PCM type, nanoparticle type, and fraction, as shown in Table 5, we started studying PW (as a PCM) as a material for storing thermal energy, as it has several advantages, including latent fusion, chemical stability, negligible supercooling, no phase separation, and low cost. The thermal storage performance of a TES bed system was approximately 71%, which can be considered relatively high. In order to enhance the thermal conductivity of the PW, the dispersion of high thermal conductivity materials such as MWCNTs was employed. The prepared composites of PW and MWCNTs of various weights were characterized by using various techniques, namely, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and TGA. First, the SEM and EDX results showed significant improvement in the molecular structure of the PW/MWCNT composites. When PW and MWCNTs were mixed, the MWCNT layers were distributed evenly and were integrated with paraffin layers through strong interfaces without microcracks. The FTIR results showed that adding CNT to PW did not form any new peaks, and the prepared composites only displayed a combination of peaks corresponding to the PW and CNT, such that a physical combination can be intuitively expected. TGA analysis elucidated that the addition of MWCNT to paraffin enhanced its thermal properties toward better thermal conductivity. At 700 ◦C, composites 1, 2, and 3 showed a mass loss of −0.043, 0.639, and 0.98, respectively. Moreover, it can be deduced that the relatively coinciding mass loss profiles (PW, CNT, and PW/CNT composites) could be due to the fact that a uniform distribution of the CNT layers within PW was accomplished. Table 5. Summary of the previous work on PCM type, nanoparticle type, and fraction.PDF Image | Paraffin Wax As a Phase Changing Material PCM
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