PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 014
Mathematics 2022, 10, 3167 14 of 27 Q ̇ TES,sec, and TSH). The decentralised strategy presented in [25] is applied, thus only a few details will be remarked below. Firstly, a cascade strategy is applied to manipulate the expansion valves, in such a way that the refrigerant mass flows m ̇ e and m ̇ TES are used as virtual manipulated variables. The same strategy would be applied if considering the TES pump power/speed as the actual manipulated variable, in such a way that the secondary mass flow that circulates through the TES tank m ̇ TES,sec would be considered as a virtual manipulated variable. Secondly, a supervisory strategy is applied for the degree of superheating TSH, when applicable (modes 1–3), to ensure that it never decreases under a certain security limit. Regarding energyefficiencyissues,thesetpointTref iscomputedfollowingthestrategyappliedtothe SH original refrigeration facility described in [30], where the compressor speed N is forced to be as low as possible while holding TSH over a certain security limit. Finally, a decoupling strategy is applied to the control of the most coupled cooling powers, i.e., Q ̇ e,sec and Q ̇ TES in mode 1. 4.3. Scheduling Strategy As stated in Section 4.1, the scheduling problem is posed as a non-linear optimization, whose main features are detailed below. • Decision variables: The decision variables are the references of the three relevant cooling powers along the prediction horizon PH: {Q ̇ re f (t − 1 + k), Q ̇ re f (t − 1 + k), e,sec TES Q ̇ref (t−1+k)} ∀k∈[1,PH],onceanoperatingmodeschedulingisproposed TES,sec based on the cooling demand profile and the energy prices along the day. • Prediction model: The simplified dynamic model proposed in Section 3.1 is applied to obtain predictions on the evolution of the TES tank state vector xTES along the prediction horizon, as shown in Equation (17): xTES(t+k)=g(xTES(t−1+k),Q ̇ref (t−1+k),Q ̇ref (t−1+k),Tsurr(t−1+k)) ∀k∈[1,PH]. (17) TES TES,sec • Constraints: – Cooling demand: An overall power forecast is known, Q ̇ re f (t − 1 + k) ∀k ∈ sec [1, PH]. Therefore, the constraint described in Equation (18) must be imposed along the prediction horizon: Q ̇ref (t−1+k)+Q ̇ref (t−1+k) = Q ̇ref(t−1+k) ∀k ∈ [1,PH]. (18) e,sec TES,sec sec – Power feasibility: The maximum and minimum values of all cooling powers must be imposed along the prediction horizon, according to the selected operating mode, resulting in the constraints shown in Equation (19): Q ̇ref (t−1+k)∈[Q ̇ref,min(t−1+k), Q ̇ref,max(t−1+k)], e,sec Q ̇ref e,sec (t−1+k) ∈ [Q ̇ref,min(t−1+k), e,sec Q ̇ref,max(t−1+k)], TES Q ̇ref TES,sec Notice that, when a certain cooling power is forced to be zero at a given operating mode, the minimum and maximum values for the corresponding cooling power are also zero in Equation (19). The maximum and minimum values of the cooling powers are also shown to depend in some cases on the TES tank state vector [25]; thus, they may vary along the prediction horizon due to the evolution of xTES. TES (t−1+k) ∈ [Q ̇ref,min(t−1+k), TES Q ̇ref,max(t−1+k)], (19) TES,sec TES,sec ∀k ∈ [1, PH].PDF Image | Refrigeration Systems with Thermal Energy Storage
PDF Search Title:
Refrigeration Systems with Thermal Energy StorageOriginal File Name Searched:
mathematics-10-03167.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Sand Battery Sand and Paraffin for TES Thermo Energy Storage More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)