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Introduction Our world is growing so fast that the energy demand is increasing day by day. This energy demand is mainly supplied from fossil fuels which currently are being depleted. Utilizing more sustainable and renewable energy resources is a positive move towards a more diverse energy production methods. However, the main issue of using renewable energy resources, such as solar energy, is the storage of this energy for further use when in need. Locally, in Jordan, the energy demand is mainly covered by imported fossil fuels which account for 97% of the total energy consumption. This costs the country for 40% of its budget [3]. Recently, the country is moving towards to increase the usage of renewable resources to minimize the total spending on importing fossil fuels. The Renewable energy field is booming mainly in solar energy. Solar systems in Jordan are diverse, one common usage is for commercial solar water heating systems. It is efficient and cheap, however, the main disadvantage of such systems is the lack of an efficient storage method. This project will focus on developing an energy storage system that could be used to cover the solar water heating system demand at night. Furthermore, this system could be developed for other applications. Energy storage systems Currently, the market offers three energy storage systems which are diverse by nature. Mechanical energy storage, chemical energy storage and thermal energy storage. These techniques have been utilized to best fit the environment in which it is needed. They all differ in the mechanism of energy storage by running on different concepts to be efficient, to meet the energy density needed and its impact on the environment. To start with, mechanical energy storage systems mainly work on the concept of gravitational potential and kinetic energy conversion, the most use of this can be seen in dams. The concept of the hydro-pump energy system is basic, it uses the excess energy in electricity to pump water up to the dam and then release the energy in the form of kinetic energy and extracting it through turbines. Flywheel and compressed air energy storage systems are also common, the former can be seen in cars. Electrochemical energy storage systems which are basically the most used type of energy storage methods. Rechargeable batteries are the most common type of electrochemical energy storage system. It mainly consists of electrochemical cells that can be recharged more than one time and is considered environmental friendly than normal disposal batteries. Other types of electrochemical energy storage systems are flow batteries and supercapacitors. Thermal energy storage systems are one of the simplest systems due to the basic concept of storage through various heat transfer methods and the lack of chemical changes to the material. Latent heat or PCM (phase change materials) energy storage systems use the latent heat of materials to store energy. Sensible heat uses the thermal characteristics of the material to store the energy when not needed and reverse the energy when needed. 4PDF Image | Sand Energy Storage System for Water Heater
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