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Thermal Energy storage Basically, thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a substance, the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance is related to temperature linearly, which means as temperature increase, so does the kinetic energy of particles, which lead to an increase in thermal energy. Another Factor of thermal energy is the mass, the more the quantity of a substance (higher mass) the more the number of particles, which means the higher the thermal energy. Furthermore, the thermal energy flow from one object to another is heat. And heat always flows from warmer to cooler mediums. Moreover, in nature, some materials heat up or cool down faster than others and this characteristic of materials is referred to as Specific heat, and the physical meaning of specific heat is the amount of heat (Joules) required to raise 1 kilogram of material by 1 degree Celsius or Kelvin. Another characteristic that also affects heat transfer in materials is its thermal conductivity, which is the amount of heat transmitted through a unit thickness of a material, in a direction normal to a surface of unit area Storage media Sensible heat storage Sensible storage is the most common method of heat and cold storage. While heating a material, energy is stored by changing the temperature of a storage medium (such as water, air, oil, rock beds, bricks, concrete or sand), is stored as sensible heat. The amount of energy stored is proportional to the temperature rise, the specific heat capacity of the storage medium and the mass of the medium. Choices of the medium are usually based on the heat capacity of the medium, the range of temperatures at which the store will operate, the space available for it and price [4]. Latent heat storage This type of energy storage depends on the material properties to absorb and release heat, and the materials used in this type are called Phase Changing Material (PCM). In which this kind of energy changes the phase of a material (solid to liquid) but does not raise the temperature. So this energy is used to brake the bonds of a material and some material have a high latent heat capacity, and this is why this kind of material is attractive for cooling and storage purposes. Chemical heat storage This type is based on a reversible chemical reaction, of storing heat in an endothermic reaction and then releasing this heat from the exothermic reaction. However, this is system is yet not developed and so its use is insignificant. 5PDF Image | Sand Energy Storage System for Water Heater
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