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Energy Calculation Assuming the use of our suggested design to store heat for the night use as a water heating source. This energy amount is to be determined from the load, which should be accomplished by the system in generating system. The Standard worldwide for hot water temperature form heaters is 70°C. [9] In Jordan, the average hot water (70 °C) use for one person in a day is 40 liters. [10] The average household residence count in Jordan is 4.8 people, so we will round that and assume it to be 5. [11] That is 200 liters (5 people * 40 L/p) of water to heat. And knowing that each liter of water is 1kg, so we have to be able to provide energy to heat 200 kg of water. And as a safety factor, error measurements, we pushed the size to 240 liters (240 kg). Calculation: - knowing the specific heat for water is 4.186 kJ/kg °C. [2] - The required temperature is 70°C, due to possible losses and error measurements we took it at 80°C. - January is the coolest month, with temperatures of 5-10°C. Taking worst case conditions, the minimum temperature is set 5°C. [8] Calculating the amount of energy stored that needs to be satisfied by the system is, from this equation Rounding the value: Energy Demand 𝑄 = 𝑚 × 𝐶𝑝 × ∆𝑇 ∆𝑇=𝑡𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙−𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 =80−5=75°C 𝑄=240𝑘𝑔 × 4.186 𝑘𝑗 × 75°C = 75,348𝑘𝑗 𝑘𝑔°C 𝑄 = 75,500 𝑘𝑗 or 𝑄 = 75.5 𝑀𝑗 Solar irradiance in Jordan is considered to be really good or high, compared globally. In Amman, Jordan, the least sun hours per day is 5 hours in December, also this month has the least average of solar radiation per day of 2.9 kWh/ m2. [6] 8PDF Image | Sand Energy Storage System for Water Heater
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