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lenses. PMMA is resistant to sunlight, remains thermally stable, its special transmissivity matches the solar spectrum, and its index of refraction is 1.49, which is very close to that of glass. Consequently, most Fresnel lens designers of concentrated solar energy applications choose PMMA for their lenses because of its high optical quality combined with less costly manufacturing technologies. A Fresnel lens is nothing but essentially a chain of prisms. Each prism represents the slope of the lens surface, but without the material of the full body of the conventional singlet. Fig. 1 shows the differences between a conventional lens and a Fresnel lens. Initially, most Fresnel lenses selected for solar energy application had not been originally designed for the collection of solar rays which were imaging devices. [15] Fig 1. Conventional Fresnel Receiver The sun radiation concentrated by the Fresnel lens is then passed onto the receiver. Solar receivers differ from one another depending on the application it is used for. In this project, the receiver has a different unconventional design this is due to the different concept introduced. The receiver is made of aluminum however its different parts have to have different thermal characteristics. The inner walls of the stem are coated with a highly reflective material, this leads the sun rays entering the receiver to keep on reflecting until they the extensional branches. These branches are coated with a highly absorptive material which allows the maximum energy from the sun rays to be absorbed. Furthermore, this energy absorbed is transferred to the sand through the walls of the branches. Fig 2. Receiver Design inside tank 11PDF Image | Sand Energy Storage System for Water Heater
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