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Scalable Synthesis of Nano-Silicon from Beach Sand

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Scalable Synthesis of Nano-Silicon from Beach Sand ( scalable-synthesis-nano-silicon-from-beach-sand )

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25. Gribov, B. G. & Zinov’ev, K. V. Preparation of High_purity Silicon for Solar Cells. Inorg. Mater. 39, 653–662 (2003). 26. Luo, W. et al. Efficient Fabrication of Nanoporous Si and Si/Ge Enabled by a Heat Scavenger in Magnesiothermic Reactions. Sci. Rep. 3 (2013). 27. Land Resource Regions and Major Land Resource Areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. Vol. 296 (USDA, 2006). 28. Huang, P. M., Li, Y. & Sumner, M. E. Handbook of Soil Sciences. 2nd edn, (CRC Press, 2012). 29. Mauz, B. & Lang, A. Removal of the feldspar-derived luminescence component from polymineral fine silt samples for optical dating applications: evaluation of chemical treatment protocols and quality control procedures. Ancient TL 22 (2004). 30. Kipouros, G. J. & Sadoway, D. R. The chemistry and electrochemistry of magnesium production. Adv. Molt. Salt Chem. 6, 127–209 (1987). 31. Zhang, Q., Zhang, W., Wan, W., Cui, Y. & Wang, E. Lithium Insertion In Silicon Nanowires: An ab Initio Study. Nano Lett. 10, 3243–3249 (2010). 32. Yen, Y.-C., Chao, S.-C., Wu, H.-C. & Wu, N.-L. Study on Solid-Electrolyte- Interphase of Si and C-Coated Si Electrodes in Lithium Cells. J. Electrochem. Soc. 156, A95–A102 (2009). 33. Magasinski, A. et al. Toward Efficient Binders for Li-ion Battery Si-Based Anodes: Polyacrylic Acid. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2, 3004–3010 (2010). 34. Hu, L. et al. CoMn2O4 spinel hierarchical microspheres assembled with porous nanosheets as stable anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Sci. Rep. 3 (2013). 35. Wang, X. & al, e. TiO2 modified FeS Nanostructures with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Sci. Rep. 3 (2013). 36. Dees, D., Gunen, E., Abraham, D., Jansen, A. & Prakash, J. Alternating current impedance electrochemical modeling of lithium-ion positive electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, 1409–1417 (2005). Author contributions Z.F., W.W., M.O. and C.S.O. designed the experiments and wrote the main manuscript. Z.F., W.W., H.H.B., Z.M., K.A. and C.L. worked on materials synthesis, battery fabrication, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, and testing at selected C rates. C.S.O. managed the research team. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Additional information Competing financial interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests. How to cite this article: Favors, Z. et al. Scalable Synthesis of Nano-Silicon from Beach Sand for Long Cycle Life Li-ion Batteries. Sci. Rep. 4, 5623; DOI:10.1038/srep05623 (2014). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder in order to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ www.nature.com/scientificreports SCIENTIFIC REPORTS | 4 : 5623 | DOI: 10.1038/srep05623 View publication stats 7

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