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Energies 2017, 10, 1873 8 of 12 Ethnergsiaesn2d0-1b7,e1d0,a1n8d73anadditionalfourthermocoupleswereembeddedintothesurfaceofthegarage8floofo12r, shown in Figure 9, to monitor the temperature profile of the sand-bed. Thermocouple temperatures Inc., Erie, PA, USA) with a resolution of 0.5 °C and an accuracy of ±1 °C. Outside and Garage ambient were recorded using Lascar EL-USB-TC data loggers (Lascar Electronics Inc., Erie, PA, USA) with temperature were m◦easured and recorded usin◦g Lascar EL‐USB‐2 data loggers with a resolution of a resolution of 0.5 C and an accuracy of ±1 C. Outside and Garage ambient temperature were 0.5 °C and an accuracy of ±0.55 °C. Both devices (EL‐USB‐TC and EL‐USB‐2) are de◦signed to have the measuredandrecordedusingLascarEL-USB-2dataloggerswitharesolutionof0.5 Candanaccuracy data‐logg◦ing interval set by the user and read via USB connection by a PC using software provided of ±0.55 C. Both devices (EL-USB-TC and EL-USB-2) are designed to have the data-logging interval Figure 9. Thermocouple arrangement on sand‐bed thermal storage. Figure 9. Thermocouple arrangement on sand-bed thermal storage. by Lascar Electronics. set by the user and read via USB connection by a PC using software provided by Lascar Electronics. Callefffii iiSSoolalarrPPlulussosloalratrhtehremrmalaslysytesmtemconctornotlrleorllweraswuaseudsteodactotivaacteivthateeptuhme puamndpaallnodwaflluoiwd ◦◦ ffllouwidfflromw tfhroemsotlhaer sthoelarrmtahlearmrrayl atrorathyetosatnhde‐sbaenddo-bnead 5o.n77a85°.C77(812C°F()12temF)pteermatpuereradtuifrferdeinffcer.eTnhce. cTohnetrcolnletrowllearswcoansfciognufiregdurfeodr faosriangsilnegzloenzeonaendanadllahllehateafrtofrmomthtehceoclolellcetcotrorwwasasesnentttototthheessand‐-bed for the duration of this research. 4. Results and Discussion 4. Results and Discussion Glycol mixture supply and return RTD sensor temperatures were recorded at one-minute intervals Glycol mixture supply and return RTD sensor temperatures were recorded at one‐minute by the Caleffi DL3 with results shown in Figure 10. Periods of exceptionally high temperatures intervals by the Caleffi DL3 with results shown in Figure 10. Periods of exceptionally high are observed prior to March when the pumps’ speed controller was being periodically varied to temperatures are observed prior to March when the pumps’ speed controller was being periodically establish a preferred flowrate. Note that the x-axis gives the date, month and year of measurement. varied to establish a preferred flowrate. Note that the x‐axis gives the date, month and year of Besides the initial period where the speed controller was adjusted and the time instance contained measurement. Besides the initial period where the speed controller was adjusted and the time no data, the data follows an expected trend with daily high temperature representing the peak instance contained no data, the data follows an expected trend with daily high temperature solar radiation and daily low periods representing no solar radiation, where the sensors approach representing the peak solar radiation and daily low periods representing no solar radiation, where ambient temperature. the sensors approach ambient temperature. Ambient conditions for the outside and garage were recorded every 15 min continuously for the Ambient conditions for the outside and garage were recorded every 15 min continuously for the 14-week period from 28 January through 7 May. Figure 11 shows both the ambient outside and garage 14‐week period from 28 January through 7 May. Figure 11 shows both the ambient outside and temperatures plotted for the time period. garage temperatures plotted for the time period. Figure 11 shows a clear upward trend of the garage ambient temperature even during a cold Figure 11 shows a clear upward trend of the garage ambient temperature even during a cold period in March, which indicates heat was being added to the garage to compensate for environmental period in March, which indicates heat was being added to the garage to compensate for heat losses. Average temperatures for the outside and garage over the 14-week period were −3.2 ◦C environmental heat losses. Average temperatures for the outside and garage over the 14‐week period and 7.7 ◦C respectively. were −3.2 °C and 7.7 °C respectively. Multiple points in the sand‐bed were recorded every 15 min for the duration of the experiment. Figure 12 shows each sensor’s recorded temperature.PDF Image | Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Sand-Bed Storage in Alaska
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