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8. Indirect heat store for solar energy There are many possibilities to store solar energy indirectly. The function of "seasonal solar storage" fulfil sustainable used bioenergy sources in the form of firewood, bark and wood chips from the forests and as remnants from the wood processing industry are an obvious form of "natural storage" for solar energy, locally available, which can be stored, transported and grow again. Biomass is therefore an optimal form of “seasonal storage” for solar energy and an attractive auxiliary fuel for solar heating systems, both individual systems as well as in combination with district heating; see chapter “Biomass heating systems”. The upper layers of the soil are a good possibility for the thermal storage of solar energy. But since the temperature of the stored energy is low it has to be raised by heat pump technology; Figure 26. The heat extracted from the soil during the heating season will be returned to the soil by the absorbed solar energy. An especially favourable possibility for reducing the use of fuel in the heat supply of dwellings (space heating and hot water preparation) is the combination of a ground-coupled heat pump with a solar system. Outside the heating season a larger solar coverage of the hot water demand should be reached with the solar system. For the use in a one- family house a collector area of about 12 to 20 m2 has proved sufficient, in connection with hot water storage of about 1,000 litre. With that the hot water preparation can be bridged during several days with bad weather. About 75% of the heat demand for space heating and hot water preparation can be attributed to solar energy: 20% of the direct use of solar energy and 50% of the indirect use of solar energy via ambient heat; Figure 27. 8. Summary and conclusion The storage concept play a decisive role in use of solar thermal systems, especially in areas with a temperate and cold climate and larger seasonal differences. Short term and long-term storage are used. A seasonal storage of solar energy at a higher temperature level (over 30°C) via long- term storage is difficult because of the high costs for market penetration. Therefore solar systems with environmentally benign heating systems, generally in combination with heat pump technology or biomass are preferred. With the indirect use of solar energy via ambient heat and biomass the share of renewable energy sources for the heat supply in buildings has been remarkably increased. More information: Thermal energy storage Peter D. Lund, Helsinki University of Technology, Advanced Energy Systems; FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland Proceedings of 5th International Summer School Solar Energy 1998, University of Klagenfurt, July 1998. Published by iff, University of Klagenfurt http://www.ecbcs.org/. http://cevre.cu.edu.tr/eces/ www.iea.org www.iea-shc.org 10PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage 2019
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