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Figure 15. Radial concrete temperature differences—comparison between single- and dual-pipe test simulations. The created concrete models allow for the analysis of two possible CTES operation modes. There are possible advantages and disadvantages to each construction. The single-pipe configuration appears to have higher power capabilities than the dual-pipe configuration. However, this comes with cyclical interior pipe pressure, increased thermal gradients and stressors via cyclic temperature distributions, and HTF limitations. A table of advantages and disadvantages of both the single-pipe and dual-pipe configurations are available in Table 3. Table 3: Synopsis of single-pipe versus dual-pipe advantages and disadvantages. Advantages Lower cost Single Pipe Disadvantages Cyclic pressure Cannot operate charge and discharge simultaneously Single fluid Dual Pipe Disadvantages Advantages Multi-fluid capable Constant temperature gradient Lower stresses Simultaneous charge and discharge Higher cost Faster ramp rate High temperature stresses Simpler operation Slower dynamics if not properly configured. 2.3 IES System Example The single-pipe concrete model was integrated in a power-peaking IES configuration, as shown in Figure 16. A daily cycle was imposed via charging and discharging mass flow rates through the TES. Figure 17 shows the resultant electrical power produced by the IES. A significant decrease in electrical output is observed during a charging phase. A rise in CTES temperatures is correspondingly observed in Figure 18 and Figure 19. Corresponding decreases in temperature occur during the discharging phase, where an increase power is observed in Figure 17. 12PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Model Development
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