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Figure 28. Nodal representation of the Modelica thermocline model. (i=1 corresponds to the top of the tank and what is readily deemed the “hot-side”, i=N is the bottom of the tank and deemed the “cold- side”). Interaction is only between the nodes directly above and below a given node. In addition to the axial representation of the heat distribution within a packed-bed porous medium, one must consider radial heat loss through the tank walls and insulation surrounding the tank and into the ambient surroundings. To account for this, the simulation calculates heat loss from the tank in each nodal fluid profile. Heat loss is calculated via Fourier’s law of heat conduction () using built-in Modelica conduction models for cylinders. This heat loss is then spread out over the entire fluid volume at each axial position, interacting with the solid volume through standard convection in the energy balance for the filler. 4.3 Test Case To demonstrate the ability of the model to properly charge and discharge through hourly and daily cycling, a periodic test was conducted. The system parameters are given in Table 5. Therminol-66 is the working fluid, and the filler material is alumina beads with a total porosity of 0.6, meaning that the system is 40% alumina beads by volume. To test the charging and discharging capability, an 8-hour periodic cycle was imposed on the system. The first four hours were spent discharging the system, and the next four were spent charging the system with hot therminol-66. This is illustrated in Figure 29. Figure 30 shows that the bottom of the tank quickly falls in temperature as the colder fluid enters during the discharge operation and starts moving up the tank. Toward the end of the initial 4 hours, the top of the thermocline tank begins to decrease in temperature as the thermal gradient reaches the top of the tank. At this point, the thermocline is no longer a useful source of heat. Then, at hour 4, the flow reverses, and the tank begins to charge with hot fluid. As the hot fluid charges from the top—as opposed to entering from 23PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Model Development
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