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the bottom of the tank—the top node of i=1 returns to 325°C as the hot fluid passes that position and moves down the tank. Initially, the bottom of the tank remains at the nominal value of 225°C. However, toward the end of hour 4, the bottom of the tank begins to increase in temperature as the thermal gradient reaches it, at which point the tank is almost fully charged. The filler material follows the same pattern in each node, as depicted at the bottom of Figure 30. These transient simulations were repeated over the next 50+ hours with unvarying results due to the tank being well-insulated by the 0.2 m of fiberglass, despite the large ambient-temperature difference. The filler material, though a large source of stored heat per volume, exacerbates the thermocline, as it conducts heat to the fluid. This can be seen at hour 8, when node 150 has not yet reached the nominal inlet temperature, but node 200 is already being heated. This means that the bottom quarter of the tank is a thermal gradient due to the time lag in the filler giving up its heat as the thermocline passes. Figure 29. Periodic charging and discharging thermocline test. 24PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Model Development
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