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performing thermocline system significantly reduced costs. Figure 32 shows cost calculations for five molten salt storage configurations, four of which use encapsulated phase change materials (EPCM) also known as filler materials. The cost curve designations are [22]: 2-Tank: A traditional two-tank molten salt system 1EPCM: An EPCM system utilizing one PCM 2EPCM: A cascaded EPCM system utilizing 2 PCMs ThermoQS: A quartz/rock thermocline system ThermoG: A thermocline system utilizing a geopolymer Figure 32. Capital cost curves for multiple TES configurations. Note the 2-Tank curve and the quartzite rock thermocline curve labelled "ThermoQS" [22] showing the cost savings of thermocline systems compared to traditional two tank systems. These cost estimates may become less accurate depending on the application (such as an integration with a light-water reactor system, in which the maximum temperature is set by the steam generator outlet saturation temperature and the minimum value is set by the salt solidification temperature). However, regardless of application, the molten salt storage costs trends presented here should apply. 5. CONCLUSIONS Model development has led to the creation of dynamic systems level models for concrete, latent heat, and packed bed thermocline energy storage technologies for deployment in the IES HYBRID repository. Models were developed using the latest publicly available data and incorporate the possibility of control strategy inclusion for use with the IES modeling toolset. Simulations showcase the abilities of each technology to cyclically charge and discharge when exposed to time varying boundary conditions. The CTES unit model has two different levels of fidelity: a low-fidelity model in Python and a high- fidelity model in Modelica. The Modelica models have two different operational modes: single pipe and dual pipe. In the single-pipe configuration, the HTF flows in opposite directions depending on the operation mode. In the dual-pipe configuration, HTF flows in a single direction or not at all in a pipe, and different pipes are used in the different operational modes. Both models have been tested over all 28PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Model Development
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