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Figure 1: Key applications of TES in the energy sector Storage Storage Grids DER Demand shifting Network reinforcement deferral Supply Seasonal storage Sector integration Variable supply intergration Note: DER = distributed energy resources. Based on IRENA, 2019a. during the colder seasons. Also, the other way around, chilled water tanks and UTES can be used on a seasonal basis to provide district cooling. This helps to cover electricity demand peaks when consumers require the most heating or cooling. Moving to downstream energy, TES has the capacity to couple different sectors and improve the shape of heating and cooling loads. In a scenario that keeps the rise in global temperatures this century to well below 2°C and towards 1.5°C, the electrification of heat, cooling and transport will add a significant load to the power system. It would see an increase in electricity’s share of final energy from 20% in 2017 to 49% in 2050 (IRENA, 2020a). Relying solely on power generators may stretch the energy system’s resources and increase the overall cost. TES can help to improve the potential of strategies such as power to heat and cooling. TES can help to integrate the power, heating and cooling sectors in a smart approach that benefits power as well as thermal systems. The availability of low-cost and reliable renewable electricity is opening the door to integrate a renewable power sector with the buildings and industry sectors for a cross-sector decarbonisation strategy. For example, electricity demand for building space heating and/or cooling can be moved to lower-cost periods by charging up thermal storage during off-peak times and then discharging when required. This enables reduced grid congestion, higher renewable energy penetration and lower costs. Industry can also benefit strongly from TES applications. It is characterised by its energy-intensive processes, and TES technologies can facilitate its wider electrification due to the wide temperature operating range in storage mediums. With the benefit of TES technologies that can reach over 500°C, such as chemical looping and solid state, the industrial sector can smartly manage its energy demand by storing low-cost energy that can be used for peak loads, also guaranteeing high- temperature heat supply for its processes (Figure 2). THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 17PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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