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Figure 7: TES technology status and innovation outlook in the power sector Power Sensible Latent Thermo- chemical Mechanical- thermal Short term (5 years) Prototype Demonstration Commercial Efficiency (%) Cost (USD/kWh) Lifetime (cycles) Temperature (oC) Applied research 2018 >90 >90 45-50 40-65 2030 >92 >92 45-75 2018 25-30 25-90 2030 <15 25-35 80-160 400-870 2018 2030 2018 2030 <565 600- 10 000 >10 000 700 3000- 4000- <600 600- 5000 5000 750 Molten Solid state salts1 Molten salts2 High-temp. phase- change material Salt hydration Chemical looping LA A-CAES ES • Next generation of molten salts with increased operating temperature ranges and performance, improving conversion efficiencies and reducing costs of CSP plants. • Pilots could emerge for solid-state storage and novel standalone molten-salt thermal batteries. • Developments in thermochemical storage could enable much higher conversion efficiencies in CSP plants. • Molten salt-based storage could enable fossil- fuelled power plants to be reused for renewable energy storage. Medium term (5-10 years) • LAES, adiabatic CAES and solid-state systems will enable greater use of TES across wind and solar PV generation, and also potentially serve as effective alternatives to molten salts in CSP. Long term (10+ years) <100 20-40 years 500- 500- 500- 1000 900 900 <200- <200- >400 >400 20-40 years Note: Magnifying glass means value not available due to low technology readiness level; (1) Standalone; (2) Co-located with CSP. Thermal storage for renewables can help to decarbonise power, industry, heating, cooling and buildings. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 23PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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