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Molten-salt TES Molten-salt storage currently accounts for the majority of installed TES capacity in the power sector, due to its coupling with CSP plants. Currently, over 21 GWh of molten-salt storage capacity is installed worldwide. By the end of 2019, the three countries with highest installed capacities are Spain, the United States and South Africa (Figure 16). Molten-salt storage is expected to grow at a faster rate with the further installation of CSP, as the percentage of CSP plants using TES continues to increase, along with their storage capacity. Since 2014, most CSP installations have included TES (REN21, 2020). At least 74 GWh of molten-salt TES are planned to be installed by 2030. To match the forecast CSP capacity of 20 GW by that year under current and planned policies, around 126 GWh of additional molten-salt storage capacity would be needed (52 GWh more than planned). In IRENA’s Paris Agreement-aligned Transforming Energy Scenario, with more ambitious renewable energy growth in comparison with current trends, policies and plans, 56 GW of additional CSP capacity would be needed by 2030 (IRENA, 2020a). This growth in CSP capacity, illustrated in Figure 17, would deliver fourfold growth in molten-salt TES installed capacity (compared with the Planned Energy Scenario), between 491 GWh and 631 GWh. This uses a conservative estimate that between 70% and 90% of new CSP plants would be installed with molten-salt storage. This scenario requires countries to implement adequate policies (see Chapter 5) and incentives to push for such accelerated deployment of CSP and TES. It accounts for slowing of the sector due to Covid-19 and assumes that the next three years (2020-2023) constitutes the time needed to build the correct policy environment to facilitate this rate of deployment by 2030. Figure 16: Molten-salt TES capacity installed globally (gigawatt hour) United States 3.981 Chile 0.468 Greece0.004 Kuwait 0.260 Israel 0.450 0.495 China 2.342 Italy 0.044 Turkey Spain 6.938 Morocco 1.880 South Africa 4.074 Disclaimer: Boundaries and names shown on this map do not imply any endorsement or acceptance by IRENA. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 43PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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