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Molten salts Salts are inorganic chemical compounds. When used for thermal storage, salts that would normally be solid at ambient temperatures are maintained at temperatures above their melting points so that they are in liquid form. Molten salts are used for the storage of high-grade heat. However, they are vulnerable to solidifying, which can cause considerable damage to auxiliary equipment. As such, their use is limited to highly controlled environments where high temperatures are required, such as in the power sector. Here molten salts are used almost exclusively to help integrate CSP, where heat can be stored during the day and discharged at night to drive a turbine and maintain continuous electricity production (Figure 24). A two-tank molten-salt storage system is one of the most common configurations used (Figure 25). The molten salt is pumped between a cold and a hot storage tank for charging and discharging. Indirect systems use a heat exchanger with a heat transfer fluid cycle, whereas in direct systems the salt is used as both the storage medium and heat transfer fluid. Figure 24: Direct molten-salt storage system 535°C Steam generator Steam turbine Solar field ̃550°C 550°C x2.5 290°C 290°C Condenser Source: Archimede Solar Energy, 2020. Figure 25: Indirect molten-salt storage system ̃390°C ̃375°C Steam turbine Condenser 380°C Thermal energy storage 290°C Solar field Steam generator 290°C Heat exchanger Source: Archimede Solar Energy, 2020. 56 INNOVATION OUTLOOKPDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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