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Sub-zero temperature PCMs Sub-zero temperature PCMs are either single component or are composed of a mixture of two or more materials, such as a eutectic mixture. Eutectic mixtures are defined as a mixture of components with a specific ratio that results in the melting temperature of the mixture being lower than the melting temperatures of the individual components. Salt-water eutectics are produced by dissolving salts in water to form a solution. The component or mix of components used varies in cost, phase-change temperature, energy density and in how corrosive they are. For example, the eutectic composition of salt water has 27% NaCl dissolved in the water and has a freezing temperature of -21.1°C. Lower concentrations of salt in the water would result in a higher freezing temperature. Sub-zero temperature PCMs are useful for applications where colder temperatures are required than standard space cooling, for example for refrigeration in the cold chain. In certain cases these are able to provide a more effective solution to using ice as the PCM. In most applications the PCM is encapsulated to avoid leakage, as shown in Figure 28. For a bulk storage unit, modules are filled with the PCM and fixed in a tank. These then cool a heat transfer fluid that flows through the tank to a specific temperature by absorbing the heat from the heat transfer fluid. Figure 28: Bulk storage system of PCM encapsulation HTF in PCM modules out Note: HTF = heat transfer fluid. Source: Mehling and Cabeza, 2008. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 59PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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