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Salt hydration Salt hydration is a reversible process that absorbs and releases energy through the hydration and subsequent dehydration of a solid salt. The interest in using hydration reactions for heat storage applications mainly focuses on the hygroscopic salts such as magnesium chloride (MgCl2), sodium sulphide (Na2S), strontium bromide (SrBr2) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) (Yu, Wang and Wang, 2013). When heat is added the salt dehydrates, releasing water molecules that can be stored separately from the salt. When there is demand for heat, water is added to the salt, which absorbs it and releases heat. Heat batteries that exploit this process can store heat in small volumes with a minimal loss of energy over long periods of time. These properties make hydration reactions particularly interesting for seasonal storage. Academic and industrial research is underway in Europe to develop seasonal heat batteries for use in domestic buildings in conjunction with diurnal thermal storage such as TTES, as shown in Figure 32. However, thermal storage technologies based on salt hydration present a range of challenges related to aggressive materials, corrosion issues with the containment structure, material stability and degradation/agglomeration. Figure 32: Diagram of the CREATE demo thermal storage system Buffer Heat battery (seasonal storage) Absorber modules with thermochemical material Central evaporator/ condenser with water reservoir Buffer storage (diurnal storage) Heat pump Solar thermal collector Ground source Heat battery Low temperature High temperature Regeneration Ground baskets Collector Space heating Domestic hot water Heat pump Note: Diagram shows how a seasonal heat battery based on salt hydration technology is used in conjunction with diurnal storage as well as heat pumps and solar thermal collectors. Source: CREATE, 2018. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 63PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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