PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 075
Co-located with wind and solar PV Solid-state sensible storage in the form of rocks can be used to store renewably generated electricity through resistive heating or via upgrading with a heat pump. In these applications, rocks are electrically heated to high temperature. The stored heat can later be used to drive a steam or gas turbine to generate electricity. The round-trip efficiency of this approach can theoretically only reach ~50% due to the efficiency of the steam turbine. However, the overall cost is potentially very low due to the use of cheap highly scalable TES materials and integration with existing infrastructure, such as steam turbines and generators from thermal power plants that are no longer operational (Siemens Gamesa, 2017). The key use case is therefore long- duration storage coupled locally with power generation assets, with expected storage timescales of at least 24 hours (Collins, 2018). A Siemens Gamesa 1.5 MW/30 MWh demonstration project that uses rocks as a form of solid-state storage began construction in Germany in 2017, co-located with an industrial site. It uses resistive heating, with the stored heat discharged using a steam turbine (Deign, 2017). Separately, Stiesdal are working on a 5 MW/120 MWh system in Denmark in which a heat pump will be used to upgrade stored heat, which will be discharged in an air-based system resembling a gas turbine. This will provide storage for wind generation for up to 24 hours (Collins, 2018). Estimating the future market size, costs and potential of thermal storage is challenging, whether co-located with solar PV or wind plants, or stand-alone to provide grid services. Most of the technologies being investigated are still at early stages of commercial readiness (Figure 39). Representative projections based on available data are presented in Table 5. Stand-alone A-CAES can help manage grid loads by storing energy as pressurised air when demand is low, and releasing it to produce electricity when demand increases. Currently CAES is limited in where it can be located due to the lack of technology-specific underground studies for this application (e.g. the requirement for appropriate geological environments in the form of underground caverns). However, tunnel boring machine and micro- tunnel boring machine development could bring cost disruption and reduce the geological constraint. Only two commercial-scale CAES plants are operational: the 290 MW plant in Huntorf, Germany, built in 1978 and a 110 MW McIntosh plant in the United States built in 1991. They have both been used for peak shaving, load levelling, storing off-peak energy and frequency control. Similar to pumped hydro plants, they have a high CAPEX but long lifetimes, are able to provide bulk storage capabilities, and are not able to respond as quickly as electrochemical batteries. A new 330 MW CAES plant is being developed in Northern Ireland, and a demonstration project for next-generation A-CAES has been developed in Switzerland. Table 5. Key objectives for technological innovation of TES with solar PV and wind generation Attribute Sensible Latent Mechanical-thermal 2018 2030 2050 2018 2030 2050 2018 2030 2050 Cost (USD/kWh) 20-45 commer- cial commer- cial 25-95 25-35 < 12 demon- stration 400-870 150-260 Efficiency (%) > 90 > 92 > 95 > 90 > 92 > 95 40-65 45-75 50-80 Energy density (kWh/m3) 0.4-0.9 kWh/m3·K (heat capacity) 50-85 2-70 Lifetime (years or cycles) > 5 000 5 000- 7 500 7 500- 10 000 3 000- 5 000 4 000- 5 000 5 000- 10 000 20-40 years Operating temperature (°C) up to 600 < 600 600-750 700-850 < 200 to > 400 (heat) -150 (cold) THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 75PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
PDF Search Title:
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE OutlookOriginal File Name Searched:
IRENA_Innovation_Outlook_TES_2020.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Sand Battery Sand and Paraffin for TES Thermo Energy Storage More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |