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Need for TES TES in industry • Themajorityofenergyusedinindustryisforprocessheatproduction,sothepotentialexistsfordecarbonisation through TES deployment in conjunction with renewables. • Decouplingheatusefromgenerationwouldpermitflexibilityandsmartenergyuse,andwouldfacilitatethe meeting of continuous demand with intermittent renewable generation, thus reducing waste and disruption. • TEScouldbeusedtostorelow-temperatureheatgeneratedeitherthroughelectrificationofheatwithheat pumps or by on-site solar thermal plants. • Medium-andhigh-temperatureprocessheatiscurrenthardtogenerateusingrenewableresources,butthere may be a role for latent and thermochemical TES solutions in the future to help facilitate the integration of renewables. Existing use cases • Thereisanascent,butgrowing,useofwaterTTESinconjunctionwithsolarthermalplantsforlow-temperature process heat generation and storage. Innovation potential • Shortterm(5years):costreductions,awareness-raisingandenhancementsinintegration,managementand control of existing TTES could encourage increased deployment of solar thermal generation for processes that require low-temperature process heat. • Mediumterm(5-10years):solid-statetechnologiescouldprovidearelativelylow-costformofstoragethat can provide both electricity and heat to industrial processes. High energy density HT-cPCMs and salt hydration storage solutions could reduce the spatial footprint of TES systems, potentially expanding their range of applications. Improved integration and management will also enhance efficiencies. • Long term (> 10 years): chemical looping and other thermochemical storage systems integrated into manufacturing processes alongside renewables could aid decarbonisation of processes that require higher- temperature process heat. Meanwhile, decentralised renewable electricity generators have been utilised in industry to mitigate risks from variable grid supply, to overcome grid access issues (for example in remote operational contexts), to hedge against fuel price increases, and also to a lesser extent for decarbonising operations (Philibert, 2017). Renewable energy use to meet industry needs may grow over fourfold, whereby renewables would reach a 62% share by 2050 from 13% in 2017. Pathways towards a future with wider decarbonisation of the industrial sector comprise: deployment of solar thermal generation and heat pumps for lower- temperature heat processes; and the greater use of biomass for on-site co-generation plants that can generate medium- and high-temperature heat. Under the IRENA Transforming Energy Scenario the share of electricity in industrial sector energy use is expected to increase to around 65% in 2050 (IRENA, 2020a). THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 77PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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