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Case study 8. Municipality introduces domestic TES to reduce household bills and increase wind utilisation Canadian municipal programme provides discounted TES, resulting in increased utilisation of local wind Summerside is a town on Prince Edward Island in Canada with a population of 15 000. Summerside’s utility is municipally owned. It owns and operates 21 MW of local wind capacity that supplies roughly half of the town’s electricity demand. The administration became frustrated that at times of low demand they were not realising the full potential of their generation by having to sell excess electricity onto the grid at low prices. Meanwhile, almost 80% of the town’s heat demand was met by expensive and energy-intensive oil space heating. In 2013 the town implemented the “Heat for Less” programme, which encouraged residents to replace oil-based heating appliances in residential properties with either electric thermal storage technology (using ceramic bricks) or time-of-use electric water heaters (TTES) at discounted rates. On the utility side, a smart grid network was developed to co ordinate real-time control of load. The customer could purchase the TES device outright, rent it, or engage in a 5, 7 or 10 year lease-to-own scheme. The municipality manages the assessment and installation of the device, reducing the burden on the consumer. In total 366 storage devices, ranging from 3 kW to 80 kW, have been delivered across 238 locations, with 75% of the TES for residential customers. Commercial customers also signed up to the programme, resulting in the addition of 3 MW/13.5 MWh of storage. Through the utilisation of “wrong-time” renewables, 24% of the energy that was previously sold to the grid was kept in the community and the capacity factor of the wind assets was increased by a percentage point. While utility income was increased as a result of the intervention, the real winners were the consumers, who on average saved CAD 1 300 per year per household using the ceramic brick thermal storage and CAD 200 per year using the TTES. In addition, 400 tonnes of CO2 were avoided in 2015 as a result of the reduction in oil heating and backup diesel generation. The provincial government, which also owns several wind farms, published its 10-year energy strategy in 2017, in which it states its desire to follow Summerside’s example and roll out TTES and ceramic brick-based heaters across the rest of the province (Wong, Gaudet and Proulx, 2017). Future outlook Large-scale UTES has been utilised in the residential and commercial sectors for district heating and combined heating and cooling, as highlighted in the previous section. Currently some studies are testing smaller-scale low-cost BTES systems linked with solar collectors for greenhouses or single buildings (Başer, Lu and McCartney, 2016). Furthermore, high-temperature cPCMs could be used to store large amounts of heat in relatively small storage volumes for residential and commercial applications. They would also use tanks similar to current boilers, but with much smaller size requirements. Salt hydration can potentially store heat from the sun, both for the long term (seasonal) and the short term (diurnal), to overcome demand fluctuations in the residential and commercial sectors. Solar collectors, solar panels or co-generation plants can be used to charge the sorption system in summer to provide hot water and heating to the building in winter. 102 INNOVATION OUTLOOKPDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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