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THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook

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THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook ( thermal-energy-storage-outlook )

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As noted in previous sections of this report, high- temperature cPCMs need to be developed and further research is required to improve their storage properties and composite stability over cycling. Furthermore, the common limitations of inorganic PCMs related to supercooling, leakage, cyclability and corrosion also have to be overcome when integrating high-temperature cPCMs. As for other applications, hurdles must be overcome before high-temperature cPCMs can be commercialised. They include improving compatibility between the construction material and the storage media, lowering the integration cost (especially for short-term applications) and identifying new integration systems to compete with other traditional technologies (sensible heat). Thermochemical In salt hydration systems, the temperature range and user conditions are similar to district heating. Technical details on materials in development are available in the Appendix. The storage material strongly affects the performance and cost of such a heat storage system according to some economic studies for various applications (typically, about 30 % of the total investment cost) (Lele, 2016). Further work is required to optimise the properties of the materials used, particularly in regard to thermal conductivity, and also to study their durability over long periods of cycling. It is predicted that these systems will become realistic options for long-term heat storage in the future (Mette, Kerskes and Drück, 2012), although research into system integration is needed. Limited research effort has so far been devoted to sizing these systems to establish real-world applicability, a priority for commercialisation. The innovation needs of absorption systems are the same as those presented in the district cooling section, given that the storage media used in this technology are the same for both applications. As previously noted, commercialisation of the technology remains limited due to system complexity and the cost of maintenance. Therefore, new absorption cycles need to be investigated and system design improved. System complexity and maintenance costs must be reduced to open the way for commercial applications. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 105

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