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The principal enablers required to facilitate the uptake of TES in energy systems are: • Taking a whole-systems approach to decarbonisation of energy systems, which is essential to enabling a cost-effective energy transition. All flexibility technologies should be considered in studies to determine the most cost-effective pathway to a decarbonised energy system. • Implementingstrategiesaspartofanintegratedenergypolicyinordertoreducetheinstancesofconflicting energy policies, and help to realise higher levels of system benefit. • Raisingawarenessacrossindustry,thepublicsectorandconsumerstocommunicateeffectivelythebenefits of TES. The make-up of energy systems differs from country to country, in both their stage of development and overall characterisation. Therefore, the appropriateness of thermal storage technologies is highly context specific, as are the interventions to accelerate their deployment. The approach that policy makers take must be part of an integrated strategy steered by whole-systems thinking. This section provides an overview of the following: • Key barriers limiting the uptake of TES solutions. • Support mechanisms available to policy makers to facilitate TES development. • Support needs for TES across each sector, as well as examples of tried and tested interventions. 4.1 System-level barriers to the uptake of TES Knowledge and awareness in society, public sector and industry In general, the focus of climate change mitigation efforts falls on electricity, transport and sometimes agriculture, but rarely are heat or cold a priority, even though they account for approximately 50% of EU member states’ annual energy consumption. This could in part be due to the challenges associated with the decarbonisation of heat (and cold). In the absence of a focus on heat/ cold decarbonisation, relatively little investment is made in relevant development activities and demonstration projects. Demonstrator projects typically work to reduce perceived risk around given technologies and thus encourage future investment. Demonstration activity is also useful in pre-emptively identifying potential technological and system pitfalls, and in contributing to recognition among relevant stakeholders and general public groups. In the absence of an evidence base developed through demonstration activities, installation and operating costs for new technologies such as TES are likely to be higher, and investments in these opportunities considered higher risk. There also appears to be limited reporting of demonstrator outcomes for TES installations. Collecting case studies for this report proved to be very challenging. Relative immaturity of TES technologies Many different TES technologies, particularly latent and thermochemical, have not been upscaled or proven at commercial levels, as described in detail in Chapter 4. These systems still stand at the early or middle technology readiness stages, where cost reductions would be needed for their widespread adoption. In the near term, the focus should be on providing demonstration support, developing investment mechanisms, and the establishment of supply chains and strategies for a smooth integration of TES in energy systems. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 107PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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