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Table 13. Identification of barriers to energy storage deployment at EU level Barrier Solution Ownership rights unclear Clarification of ownership rights Value streams High level of reward for ancillary and grid services Curtailment Elimination of the ability to curtail renewable energy sources, e.g. solar, wind Pricing Ensure that pricing of thermal energy reflects demand and/or scarcity Source: Westgeest, 2017. Case study 11. Market reform helps to reduce renewables curtailment in China Averting curtailment in China China has recently reformed its market conditions to better account for renewables curtailment. In 2016 the Chinese government introduced Document 625, a policy that sought to address high levels of curtailment of renewable generation (Xuan and Dupuy, 2016). The key feature of the policy is the introduction of a guarantee that grid companies will purchase renewably generated output first (before generation from fossil fuel plants) for a minimum number of hours. The National Energy Administration and the National Development and Reform Commission plan the allocations. In previous years in China, curtailed renewable generators were not in receipt of any payment or compensation for lost revenue, which arguably made the renewables sector unattractive to investors. However, through the introduction of Document 625, renewable generators could expect to receive a curtailment compensation fee from non-renewable generators or grid companies, depending on the reason for their curtailment. Information on the technical and financial performance of thermal storage solutions for non-CSP renewable power is currently limited due to the relatively small number of demonstration projects. However, several demonstrations that will test the technical and commercial feasibility of TES in these applications are either in development or in construction. More funding for research and demonstration projects is required to drive innovation and reduce costs further across all technologies analysed in this report, and ecosystem support can help to ensure learnings from these demonstrations are well documented and shared. Industry Decision makers in industry typically prioritise improving revenues over reducing costs, and place a significant emphasis on payback time. Furthermore, due to the absence of policies aiming to price externalities such as CO2 emissions, and in some cases the availability of fossil fuel subsidies, there is a weak financial proposition for TES deployment to help integrate renewables in industrial environments. For example, in Mexico the solar heat for industrial processes market has potential, but the need for upfront investment and the lack of loan schemes has been a barrier to adoption. As a result, other more commercially attractive investments can push renewable energy with (or without) TES down the list of priorities. Market pull interventions such as cap and trade schemes that provide incentives to industry to invest in renewables/ TES over a specific timeframe could help to increase levels of interest. Risk aversion is another key barrier to decarbonisation efforts in the industrial sector, particularly with regard to potential deployment of new capital-intensive technologies. Decision makers are typically reluctant to risk disrupting revenue streams by adopting novel technologies and approaches without adequate assurance of success. Even if the benefits of adopting the technology are understood conceptually, there is reluctance for any one organisation to be the first to move. THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE 113PDF Image | THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE Outlook
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