Thermal Energy Storage A State-of-the-Art

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A number of PCMs contain one or more chemical components that may lead to negative environmental impacts if they were to be released into air or water. The same consideration will apply to salts used in thermochemical storage concepts, whereas the use of zeolites is considered to be without any potential negative impacts (Zeo-Tech, 2001). 4.3 Thermal storage and indoor environment Thermal storage will per se not have a direct effect with regard to the quality of the indoor environment, but, as discussed in section 3.4 above, PCM materials are being used to buffer significant indoor temperature changes. 4.4 Thermal storage and integrated design The basic elements of integrated design to achieve a comfortable indoor environment can be illustrated as shown in Figure 10. Architectural design strategies will always be the starting point in this process, and the need for technical installations with their complexity, capacity and cost will to a very large degree depend on the success or lack of success of the design strategy. Figure 10. Basic elements for integrated design of building comfort systems. (Narita, 1997). The principle of thermal storage is already being actively used in many buildings simply by utilising the thermal mass, or thermal capacity of the building itself. One common example is to use the ventilation plant at full capacity during night in order to cool down the building. This can save on peak cooling costs during the day when the building gets gradually warmer. Night operation can in itself also be cheaper due to lower off-peak electricity cost. Another example is utilisation of passive solar heating. Using the building mass for thermal storage has the potential of finding much broader application, especially in relatively moderate climates. 17

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