Thermal Energy Storage A State-of-the-Art

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Thermal Energy Storage A State-of-the-Art ( thermal-energy-storage-state-of-the-art )

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The thermal mass of buildings can be enhanced by conscious selection of building materials. The thermal capacity of concrete can for instance be increased by using aggregates with higher specific heat than common rock materials, for instance olivine rock or iron ore. Phase change materials can also be incorporated in the structure of the building, for instance inside floor/roof elements, or as micro capsules embedded in plaster wallboard, paints, and other surface coatings. This will help to buffer temperature fluctuations for during a normal working day. 4.5 Thermal storage and building integrated energy systems With today’s uncertainties regarding future energy prices for various carriers, it is not difficult to find positive arguments for flexible comfort systems in the building sector. A conceptual illustration of an integrated energy system based on new renewable energy sources with thermal storage is shown in Figure 11 (Nielsen et al, 2002). Any particular application may incorporate one or more of the energy sources and system outputs. Buildings have a large mass and will react slowly to changes in heating/cooling demands. The figure therefore indicates the use of local weather forecasts in order to optimise system efficiency and output by proactive rather than reactive control. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT: Temperature Wind Rain Sunshine Overcast WEATHER FORECAST ENERGY SOURCES: Active solar Passive solar Ambient temperature Biomass Geothermal heat pump Energy recovery Integrated energy system SYSTEM OUTPUT: Heating Cooling Hot water Warm Cool Figure 11. Conceptual illustration of an integrated energy system with thermal storage. 18

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