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28 ABSTRACT Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Peak Electricity from Nuclear Energy There are large incentives to operate nuclear and renewable energy sources at full output because these technologies have high capital costs and low operating costs. However, their output does not match electricity demand. Full utilization of these energy sources would be aided by storage technologies that store energy at times of low electricity demand and provide that energy for electricity or industrial use at time of high energy demand. Nuclear and solar thermal systems produce heat; thus, thermal energy storage is a preferred form of energy storage because it avoids the inefficiencies in conversion from one storage media to another. The expectation is that many thermal storage technologies would be applicable to both energy technologies. There are three storage markets with different requirements: hourly storage (including rapid response), weekly storage to address the 3-day weather and the weekday-weekend cycles in electricity demand, and seasonal energy storage to address the fall, winter, spring, and summer variations in energy demand. The longer term storage systems may be able to address hourly storage requirements—but not via versa. There was significant work on thermal storage systems in the 1970s. Improved technologies may make some of these storage technologies viable today. Most of the work was associated with solar systems with a limited amount of work on storage systems for nuclear power plants. Storage systems associated with nuclear plants have somewhat different requirements: mass and volume are not usually a constraint, safety must be considered because of the very large quantities of energy being stored, and the scale of operations will be much larger. Acknowledgement: We would like to thank Idaho National Laboratory for their support of R&D at MIT on nuclear geothermal systems.PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Peak Electricity
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