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Figure 6. Malta’s pumped thermal energy storage concept {Malta, 2020 #13799} MIT is investigating another storage technology that would use cheap or excess electricity to sensibly heat molten silicon to ultra-high temperatures in large, insulated graphite tanks. The molten silicon would be held at “cold” temperatures of ~1900°C (above its melting point of 1414°C) and heated with electrical heating elements to nearly 2400°C, where it is stored in a second “hot” tank. When electricity is needed, the molten silicon is pumped from the hot tank through tubes that emit thermal radiation to multijunction photovoltaic cells that generate electricity. The cooled molten silicon is then collected in the cold storage tank. 4.2. Latent heat storage Latent heat storage systems use the latent heat of phase change to store energy. Latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change the state of substance from a solid to a liquid, and latent heat of evaporation is the energy required to change the state of substance from a liquid to a gas. Salts and metals can be melted, and the combined sensible and latent heat can be used to store the added thermal energy. Table 3 summarizes the thermophysical property values of different latent-heat storage materials. The latent heat of reaction (kJ/kg) shown in the second column would be added to the sensible heat capacity in Eq. (1) to determine the total heat capacity of latent heat storage materials being heated from one state to another. In most cases, the materials are solid/liquid phase change materials that are stored as liquids that can subsequently release energy when converted back to a solid state. Some liquid/gas substances (nitrogen and oxygen) are also shown because cryogenic “liquid air” storage has also been demonstrated for grid energy storage applications. 10PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage Technologies
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