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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies heat pumps and auxiliary heat sources, may be relatively high and thus affect the cost performance of the overall solution. The cost reduction potential for more established sensible heat storage technologies is limited, but both PCM and THS are expected to see significant cost reductions as R&D advancements are made. Given the relatively early development stage of several types of TES, in order to increase the level of confidence in future cost scenarios, it would be necessary to carry out additional research focused specifically on the cost development trajectory of TES. Several technologies are either in early stages of commercialisation or not yet ready for market in the UK (e.g. PCM, THS). Therefore accurate cost trajectories are very difficult to provide as unforeseen step change developments may occur that significantly reduce costs. Technologies such as TTES, PTES and BTES are unlikely to see significant cost reductions, because much of the supplementary technology / installations techniques are well proven (e.g. drilling of boreholes, excavating, lining and insulation for PTES, manufacturing and installing water tanks). Future market development of TES in the UK With regards to the future potential TES deployment in the UK two scenarios are outlined: ‘Business as usual’ development where TES in the UK would continue on its existing path. An alternative scenario for the decarbonisation of heat and use of TES for electricity time shifting. The two different scenarios largely depend on a number of key variables. From an isolated technology perspective there should be very little constraint for bringing the majority of the technologies shown in this report to market. However, to drive the UK TES market further, two factors need to be present: a stronger understanding of and confidence in the various technologies beyond hot water tanks and storage heaters; and price signals that enable TES to deliver value to customers. In summary the two scenarios outline the following deployment to 2025: Table 5 – Summary of future TES market development Business as usual scenario Growth scenario District Heating (DH) Uptake of TTES in most new DH and some retrofit efforts, primarily used for intra-day / daily balancing. All new installations and majority of existing DH retrofitting using TTES. Trials of interseasonal TES for DH applications with solar thermal. Non-domestic Stable market for TTES and potential emergence of PCM trials. Slowly increasing, but low number of projects using interseasonal TES. Growing market for TTES. Development of more novel TTES applications using other materials than water. Growing uptake of interseasonal storage using ATES and BTES. Emergence of early demonstration trials for THS applications. Domestic Annual TTES product sales remain relatively stable / slow decline; limited uptake of PCM stores replacing or being integrated in hot water cylinders. Limited applications of solar / ground source heat pumps coupled BTES installations. Growing market for TTES based on growing electric heating (and possibly CHP) take-up and electricity price signals for flexibility. Wider uptake of PCM based products to overcome space constraints. Different types of BTES becoming more established in newbuild. 13PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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