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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies Table 7 – High level overview, description and comparison of different thermal energy storage technologies (detail is provided in technology analysis that follows) Category Type Description of TES Tank systems usually storing hot water, but molten salts and heat transfer oils can also be used. Key advantages Disadvantages Sensible heat storage TTES Established and proven Scalable Usable for wide range of applications Cost effective Space requirements Smaller stores have higher heat loss rates and are not designed to store heat over long periods of time PTES Shallow pits dug in the ground, which are then lined and filled with gravel and / or water for energy storage. Potential very large storage capacity Interseasonal potential (e.g. solar heat storage) Low energy density Not suitable for built-up areas Potential land cost constraints BTES Regularly spaced vertical holes drilled into the ground, with heat exchangers inserted to transfer heat to and from the ground (closed loop system). Interseasonal potential (e.g. solar heat storage) Relatively small excavation requirements Relatively low efficiency Limited charging and discharging capacity ATES Open-loop system utilising natural underground water- bearing permeable layers from which groundwater is extracted. Efficient provision of heating and cooling Easily integrated into building design, thus small land footprint Hydrogeological restrictions Balancing of heat input and extraction Limited to places where extraction is possible Latent heat storage PCM Using organic or inorganic compounds to store energy in the form of heat in the material’s change of phase (usually from solid to liquid, but also from liquid to gas). High energy density Low volume of store Constant temperature during charging and discharging. Relatively immature technology in the domestic segment Limited availability of suitable PCM materials with desired melting points Thermo- chemical heat storage THS Reversible chemical reaction to store large quantities of heat in a compact volume. Very high energy density Long term storage without degradation Very far away from market commercialisation Lack of real world proof of potential performance 28PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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