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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies Table 10 – Summary results for TTES application Small stores used for intra-day / daily cycling Large TTES provide intra-day / daily cycling and interseasonal storage Domestic; Commercial; District heating 9 Metric Summary of results Timeframe Application types Market Status / TRL Cost Range from 26 £/kWh to 183 £/kWh14 for domestic systems (large variation between small thermal stores) Large scale TTES: cost potentially below 1 £/kWh15, Cost per m3: Small domestic: 925 to 2,700 £/m3 14 Medium TTES (e.g. 300 m3): 360 £/m3 16 Larger / interseasonal TTES: 91 to 114 £/m3 17 UK companies / projects Large number of manufacturers and developers active in the UK Space constraints; relatively low energy density; weight (when full), de- stratification (relevant for larger tanks in particular); system integration for large tanks; retrofitting of tank based system (both small, but especially applicable to large systems) if original building design did not consider installation. Small water tanks: Growing penetration of combination boilers, low renewable heating uptake to date. Large TTES: Upfront cost, relatively low number of district heating schemes in the UK. Small water tanks: all conventional and renewable heating systems Large TTES: CHP, biomass, district heating, commercial heat pumps, large solar thermal, commercial boilers etc. Technical barriers to deployment Market barriers Technology interaction 50 – 90% 14 UK market analysis: 25.58 £/kWh and 925 £/m3 represent low cost 400 litre direct hot water cylinder, 183.09 £/kWh and 2,700 £/m3 for 300 litre fully integrated thermal store (excl. heating controls). The cost of domestic units vary widely depending on size, quality and the capabilities of the hot water cylinder. 15 Please note for ease of use of the tables, all Euro (€) values have been converted into pound sterling using the current exchange rate of €1 to £0.76. This does not necessarily reflect the exact cost point achievable in the UK. 16 470 €/kWh (Eames, et al., 2014) 17 120 to 150 €/m3 Based on example store sizes of 12,000 m3 (low cost end) to 5,700 m3 (higher cost end). Sources: Solites, 2012; Eames, et al., 2014 System efficiency 34PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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