Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies

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Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies ( thermal-energy-storage-tes-technologies )

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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies in domestic dwellings where small heat storage for space heating has little performance value. Integrated thermal stores are now mainly used with renewable heat sources or where different heat sources are integrated in a heating system. Examples of large scale tank thermal energy storage The use of TTES for large commercial and district heating applications is also common in the UK. Well known examples include the 2,500 m3 store for the Pimlico district heating scheme, as well as the Olympic Park Energy Centre which includes a 500 m3 hot water store or the Coventry district heating scheme with a 650 m3 hot water tank21. According to a report published by the Tyndall Centre in 2013, there were 15 district heating schemes that are either operational or in the process of being refurbished / under construction, which have a thermal store integrated (Martin & Thornley, 2013). In these cases tanks will be individually manufactured to meet specified project requirements. A number of interviewed market players are currently evaluating the retrofitting of hot water TTES for existing CHP fired plants. Current and future system and technology costs As TTES is a fully commercialised technology with a wide range of products available in the UK, the cost points for the technology vary widely. The difference in cost points is particularly obvious when comparing large tank systems used for district heating or interseasonal storage with small domestic systems. However, even within the different application types costs are highly variable. There are several key factors influencing cost points, such as storage system complexity and quality, manufacturer, size, level of insulation and functionality required (e.g. how many heat sources, type of heat sources, vented or unvented, control equipment included in the package). Generally speaking the cost reduction potential for TTES is also limited, because the majority of systems are manufactured at scale already. Small domestic and commercial hot water cylinders already benefit from economies of scale and manufacturing costs are unlikely to significantly decrease. For larger systems, especially very large district heating / industrial systems, which are often manufactured on an individual project basis, the cost reduction potential is higher. The main factors for reducing cost will be based on manufacturing improvements and processes becoming increasingly high-tech. Additionally, TTES cost will be influenced by the degree of product standardisation and volume. Price of residential and small commercial TTES As mentioned above the cost of small hot water cylinders show a wide variation, largely explained by the variety of products available. Subsequently there are differences in quality and system sophistication. Nonetheless, the strongest correlation is related to the size of the store as clearly indicated by the data presented in Figure 7. Here a total of 41 products available in the UK are analysed by volume and price of the store. Based on Delta-ee’s analysis of 29 ‘Direct Domestic Hot Water Tanks’ and ‘Integrated (Tank) TES for space & hot water heating’, the large majority of tank 21 Named district heating schemes and data regarding their size were identified through industry interviews. 37

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