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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies 4.4 Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) Borehole energy storage (BTES) is an underground thermal storage technology. Regularly spaced vertical holes are drilled into the ground and heat is charged or discharged by vertical borehole heat exchangers, which can be different types of pipes mostly made from synthetic materials. Commonly BTES is used in combination with solar thermal installations or heat pumps. BTES is especially beneficial where in the summer the storage supports the cooling of the building and a matching heating load is required in winter. BTES (and ATES) systems extract (and inject) heat (and coolth) from the ground, as well as just storing it. Defining efficiencies and cost per m3 or kWh is difficult as there is no exactly separated storage volume. BTES has a relatively low energy density, up to half that of tank based systems (Eames, et al., 2014). While BTES can be a relatively cost effective option, especially for large applications, there is a limited number of installations in the UK with around 10 projects carried out a year for commercial and/or apartment buildings. The low uptake in the UK is closely related to the high upfront investment required, limited technological awareness, as well as complexities for accurately modelling system design, which creates uncertainty for developers and investors. This becomes important, as the BTES design can significantly affect the performance of the entire system (Sibbitt & McClenahan, 2015). A crucial consideration is how the BTES fits with the other components of the overall system. Using the example of a solar based district heating scheme, the above figure shows the integration with solar, heat pump and CHP components. BTES is most commonly coupled with solar thermal, but has potential to work with other heat sources Most commonly the input thermal energy for interseasonal BTES storage is solar, with the store used to counter the time-difference between maximum solar irradiation Figure 8 – Illustration of the principle of BTES for a solar district heating application (Source: Jensen, From, & Sørensen, 2015) 45 District heating to the town Solar collectorsPDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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