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Market Status / TRL Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies in the summer and domestic / commercial demand for heat in the winter. Solar can be collected either actively, by solar thermal panels (potentially including PV-T modules) with fluid-based heat recovery, or passively by extracting heat from buildings via an air-conditioning circuit. ‘Waste’ heat from industrial processes or CHP could also be used to re-charge an interseasonal store. Table 13 – Summary results for BTES applications Interseasonal (Domestic - limited), Commercial, District Heating 6-8 Several providers of different BTES applications in the UK, including ICAX and IF Tech Metric Summary of results Timeframe Application types Cost Estimate of approximately 0.30-3.00 £/kWh or 10-46 £/m3 (water equivalent)31; 32 Small commercial £4,000 - £6,000 per borehole UK companies / projects Limited charging and discharging capacity, geological constraints (drilling and heat retention), requires the avoidance of flowing ground water, number of suitable buildings is limited, technical uncertainty, usually requires a buffer tank, low temperature heat storage High upfront cost, regulatory barriers (e.g. planning), unproven domestically District heating: limited penetration of DH schemes and large solar plants in the UK Technical barriers to deployment Market barriers Solar thermal, heat pump (for extraction GSHP), potentially CHP / gas turbines / waste heat 31 0.4 €/kWh or 14-60 €/m3 (assumption m3 = 15-30 kWh). Based on findings from Braedstrup BTES installation (excl. buffer tank and transmission line; Sources: Jensen, From, & Sørensen, 2015 and synthesised results from German applications (Schnürer, Sasse, & Fisch, 2006; Solites, 2012). Price per kWh cannot be provided with the required degree of certainty for BTES, because the research showed that estimating the thermal capacity of BTES is complicated and highly uncertain (the Braedstrup project estimated to be equivalent in size to a 9,300 m3 of a hot water tank). Initial figures from the Braedstrup BTES show that 445 MWh of heat is delivered to the storage and during the discharging period 195 MWh of heat were extracted. 32 Water equivalent refers to the amount of water that would absorb the equivalent amount of heat as the body / substance in question, thus enabling a comparison of the thermal capacity. 33 Based on data from Drake Landing BTES project (Sibbitt, et al., 2012). 34 Based on results from first year operation of Braedstrup installation (Jensen & From, 2013) Technology interaction System efficiency 6-54% (54% in fourth year of operation)33 Approximately 38% (first year of operation)34 46PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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