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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies installation increases in temperature and retains some leftover heat on each occasion heat is injected. Therefore, every season heat losses are reduced and a higher amount of the originally injected energy can be retrieved. For example, results of the Drake Landing installation show that the annual efficiency of the storage improved from 6% to 20%, 35% and 54% for the first four seasons of operation, because of the ground retaining heat from previous season (Sibbitt, et al., 2012). With newer installations such as Braedstrup, a higher efficiency (44%) was measured in the first year of operation. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that system performance will further improve over time and with learnings from earlier trials being implemented. Key barriers to deployment Upfront costs and lack of drivers for interseasonal heat storage remain the crucial limiting factors for the deployment of BTES. However, very large projects can be realised at cost points potentially lower than other underground thermal storage solutions. Nonetheless, the initial investment required remains high and when additional cost factors such as a buffer tanks and heat pumps are considered, the overall investment required for the system becomes a highly limiting factor. Secondly, geological conditions remain a barrier for BTES projects. Despite close- loop BTES systems being less dependent on hydrogeological conditions than ATES, factors such as ground water flow and soil characteristics affect performance and feasibility of BTES (Hendriks, Snijders, & Boid, 2008; Gao, Zhao, & Tang, 2015). A more crucial factor in limiting the current potential of BTES in the UK is that it is most commonly installed with new commercial / apartment block buildings where systems are integrated with renewable heating technologies. Given the relatively low uptake of these technologies and the complexities of integrated system planning required for efficient BTES applications, the current potential of the technology is limited. Lastly another barrier for BTES is the lack of large solar thermal collector deployment in the UK. This being the primary heat source for large scale BTES applications carried out in other countries. 50PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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