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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies 4.5 Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is a large open-loop system utilising natural underground water-bearing permeable layers from which groundwater can be extracted using a well. The primary application for ATES is the extraction of coolth from the aquifer for the cooling of buildings during the summer (IRENA, 2013). However, ATES can also be used for storing heat whereby hot water is injected into the aquifer and extracted at a later date. This is undertaken using two wells, commonly where one well is used to inject warm or cold water and a second one is used for extraction. Bi-directional wells that can be used for both injection and extraction have also been developed. Figure 10 illustrates how the extraction of heat and coolth from aquifers can meet the respective demands of a building using a ground source heat pump. Warm water from the well is pumped up and applied as a low temperature heat source for the heat pump. Depending on the application, the heat pump will then supply all or part of the heat required by the building. For the purpose of this report, applications primarily using aquifers to store heat are considered. However, in parts (e.g. technological developments) aspects / methodologies of using aquifers simply for extraction of heat / coolth are potentially relevant. Figure 10– Illustrating of the principle workings of ATES. Heat or coolth are extracted from the aquifer through wells to meet the respective building demands during summer and winter (Source: Hendriks, Snijders & Boid, 2008; IF Tech, 2012). 51PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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