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Table 15 – Summary results for ATES applications Interseasonal Commercial, district heating 5-8 Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies Metric Summary of results Timeframe Application types Market Status / TRL 600-1000 £/kW (Large variation and uncertainty)40 Approximately 20-30 £/m3 41 Several UK based companies have carried out or are capable of realising ATES projects. Amongst others IFTECH and ICAX were identified. High upfront cost, site specific hydrogeological conditions, low energy density, technical uncertainty / lack of knowledge, system most optimal when dominated by cooling needs, need to balance heat injection / extraction to maintain thermal balance of aquifer Cost UK companies / projects Technical barriers to deployment Lack of customer knowledge, planning / environmental requirements and monitoring Ground source heat pump, waste heat, CHP 70-90%42 (efficiency higher for cold storage) Review of current technological potential The technological potential and feasibility of ATES for industrial purposes in the UK has previously been assessed in a study by the ETI (ETI, 2011, unpublished report). It was found that ATES could be technically feasible in the UK, but is unlikely to see significant uptake in the particular segment studies. Based on the secondary research carried out for this project, it appears that many large UK cities have geological conditions suitable for aquifer storage. This can often be related back to the fact that historically cities developed around aquifers required for supplying water. However, the cost and feasibility of ATES strongly depends on the local geological conditions, which may constrain individual projects. For example, 40 Note: for ATES we do not refer to energy capacity in terms of kWh, as for aquifers size is usually expressed in maximum rate at which heat can be extracted from well at a single time. 41 The original data points were provided with the following Euro values: €40 (£30) when comparing ATES to equivalent 5,000 m3 hot water tank, €25 (£20) achievable for systems with a size of above 100,000 m3 (Sources: Eames, et al., 2014; Solites, 2012; BINE Informationsdienst, 2003) 42 Limited information available, system efficiency based on results from Reichstag (German parliament, Berlin) ATES installation and information on Neubrandenburg site (BINE Informationsdienst, 2003; Kabus, Möllman, Hoffman, & J., 2006) Market barriers Technology interaction System efficiency 52PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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