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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies Table 16 – Example ATES projects UK 2015 UK 2011 UK 2006 Germany 2000 Belgium 2000 Current and future system and technology costs 3MWcooling/2MW heating 400 kW heating & cooling 250 kW heating 20,000 m3, 5,000 m3 (water equivalent) Cooling capacity 1.2 MW Name / location Country Year Size Riverlight National Maritime Museum, Greenwich Westway Beacons Rostock Klina Hospital Currently ATES remains relatively expensive due to the upfront cost required for realising a complete integrated system. However, ATES can be relatively cost competitive for the storage size achieved (£/kWh of heat stored), especially where projects are realised at large scale. Based on the research, cost estimates are wide ranging and can be as high as £1,000 for a kW (peak) of heat extraction, when the entire system costs including components such as heat pumps are included. Unlike with other TES technologies storage capacity is usually not provided in terms of volume but the maximum rate at which heat can be extracted from the well (kW rather than kWh). To provide a comparison with other TES systems, costs of 25-40 €/m3 (water equivalent) have been reported in the literature (Eames, et al., 2014; Solites, 2012; BINE Informationsdienst, 2003). These estimates are in line or even compare favourably with other underground thermal storage technologies. As such ATES installations can provide relatively cost effective heat storage at a similar cost point to PTES and BTES systems. However, the upfront investment required for an ATES project remains a key barrier to the widespread uptake (similar to PTES and BTES). The cost breakdown of a German pilot project in Rostock (Solites, 2012) shows that more than 80% of the total costs can be associated with the exploitation of the aquifer (i.e. drilling and building of wells) and the development of the charge and discharge systems (e.g. pipes and integrated heating system). Operation and maintenance costs are comparable to other underground based heat storage technologies and are relatively low. Cost reduction potential – linked to the heating & cooling infrastructure There is cost reduction potential for ATES, as there is for other interseasonal heat stores (PTES and BTES). However, these are strongly related to learnings from existing pilots and relevant system improvements. As the costs of ATES systems vary significantly depending on the individual application, a general cost reduction trajectory cannot be provided. Furthermore, a significant proportion of ATES costs are not linked to the storage itself but the heating / cooling infrastructure required. 54PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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