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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies Therefore, cost reduction potentials of ATES are closely linked to those of for example ground source heat pumps and heat distribution infrastructure. Future technological potential and development There is significant technological potential for ATES applications in the UK, especially in larger cities such as London. Here the geological conditions are favourable for ATES and there is high demand for new office buildings and upmarket residential apartment blocks that can benefit from ATES providing both heating and cooling. It is also expected that interest from energy service providers may increase. Such providers could look to add ATES to existing and new heating and heat network solutions in order to reduce operating costs. For district / community heating solutions, ATES could become a viable option. Throughout this research it was identified that developers of district heating are evaluating the potential for ATES. Crucially, a lack of knowledge and confidence in the technology coupled with the geological uncertainty is proving a key barrier for an increased uptake in this sector. Key barriers to deployment High upfront cost requirements remain the most significant barrier to the uptake of ATES, particularly given the economic reality of developers aiming for the lowest cost option to realising building developments. Therefore, while ATES may compare favourably in terms of cost over lifetime and heat delivered, the upfront investment often creates a key hurdle. One approach to decrease the impact of this hurdle would be increasing building energy efficiency requirements for heating and cooling creating a driver for ATES solutions. Secondly, the applicability and performance of ATES strongly depend on site- specific hydrogeological conditions. For ATES installations to be economical high well yields must be achieved. These can differ between sites and respective conditions, which creates uncertainty for developers. Such uncertainty over feasibility and financial returns, coupled with a lack of knowledge and visibility, means that uptake in the UK has been low to date. Lastly, the specific use of groundwater creates additional planning and monitoring requirements for project developers. In the UK this is regulated by the Environment Agency, who require permitting procedures and monitoring to ensure thermal balancing of groundwater sources. While not hindering the deployment of ATES, such procedures can inevitably act as a deterrent compared to, for example tank based storage systems, which do not require the same procedures. 55PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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