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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies provide a stronger financial proposition. This also explains why PCM is generally not considered for applications such as district heating. Current market and product review The development of PCM for storing heat is not yet at a fully commercial level. That said the industry interest for PCM solutions continues to be significant and a number of players in the UK are investing into R&D efforts for heat storage applications. Currently there are few products at an early stage of commercialisation providing an alternative to small hot water tanks in the residential sector. For example, these provide an option for increasing self-consumption of solar PV generated electricity, as the power is converted to heat and stored in the PCM tank. The product found closest to commercialisation is developed by Sunamp who have installed several hundred units as part of a Scottish Government pilot project. However, further larger heating system / hot water cylinder manufacturers as mentioned in the table above are actively exploring the potential of PCM based heat storage. Different thermal storage solutions using PCM are already available. For example, PCM is used in the building material industry to provide high thermal mass at a reduced weight. An example for the use of PCM in building materials are PCM plasterboards offered by multinational company Knauf. Furthermore, there are a wide range of specialised applications. For example, PCM for storing coolth from an air-conditioning system as offered by PCM Products (further discussion of these is provided within section: ‘Future technological potential and development’). Current and future system and technology costs A number of technology developers, as well as established heating system and hot water storage manufacturers are evaluating the case for and developing PCM products. A range of companies (presented in Table 17) have already run trials or are testing PCM products. The key focus for developers is to reduce the cost point in manufacturing to achieve price parity with hot water cylinders. Currently in the UK manufacturers are targeting a price range of approximately 250 to 350 £/kWh of heat storage. In the international literature price points as low as 50 €/kWh have been quoted for the material (IRENA, 2013). It is likely that the cost of PCM will decrease in the future. This is anticipated to be a result of heightened R&D efforts aimed toward commercialising cost-effective products. Generally it has been found that costs are not expected to be prohibitive in the long term. Based on industry views PCM heat stores could become cost competitive (on the basis of material costs) with small hot water cylinders within the next 5 years, while for specific applications the economic case could justify investment even prior to this. However, short term cost reduction is restricted by the expense related to additional components such as heat exchangers used for PCM based thermal stores. Furthermore, quality and performance of PCM products must improve and be assured so that PCM stores can compete with small tank based systems. Developers expect to see significant cost reductions in PCM, with prices potentially as low as 250 £/kWh of heat stored for residential applications, and becoming competitive with small and medium sized hot water cylinders over the next five years. This cost reduction will be driven by: 58PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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