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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies Furthermore applications include the use of PCMs for air-conditioning, passive cooling and coolth storage44. Other potentials using latent heat include the use of ice stores for providing a constant temperature range for efficient heat pump operation (e.g. Viessmann in Germany – see case study below). An example of the integration of PCM into building materials is provided by Knauf who have developed a product called the ‘Comfortboard’. The product consists of two plasterboards which are filled with Micronal phase change material supplied by BASF. The ‘Comfortboard’ is to have the same thermal capacity as a 100mm thick concrete wall. Using PCM to retain heat during the day and releasing it at night it reduces the energy consumption of conventional air conditioning and heating systems in a building resulting in both energy and cost savings. Based on a simple design comparable to a conventional plasterboard it can potentially be easily retrofitted as buildings are refurbished. Case Study – Knauf PCM Plasterboard Case Study – Viessmann Ice Store Viessmann, a German based manufacturer of heating and refrigeration systems, has developed an ice store system, which recovers energy from renewable sources to heat or cool a building and to heat domestic hot water. As freezing represents an exothermic process, whereby a liquid changes to solid, latent heat is released. This latent heat is retained in the ice store system. The Viessmann ice store is used in conjunction with a heat pump. The heat pump extracts energy from water stored in the ice store. As this energy is used, the water temperature in the store will fall and in winter reach freezing point, additional energy is then obtained from the freezing of the water. Based on data provided by the company a standard 10 m3 ice store would produce a heat gain equivalent to about 100 litres of fuel oil and is capable of 10 kW of heating output when changing its phase i.e. freezing. Additionally the ice store will provide natural cooling in the summer. The technology presented is already installed in Germany in several 100s of residential and commercial properties. In the UK, a demonstrator was installed at a ‘zero-carbon’ show home at Brooklands, Surrey. 44 There is a wide range of cooling applications for PCM such as temperature controlled distribution (e.g. food), using PCM for increasing efficiency of air-conditioning and passive cooling, as for example highlighted by the range of applications offered by UK based company PCM Products Ltd. For cooling purposes PCM’s with a lower melting point are used. For example, ceiling tiles or other PCM integrated building materials could freeze naturally overnight and release cool during the day as an energy-free cooling source. 60PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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