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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies 4.7 Thermochemical Heat Storage (THS) THS has the potential to overcome some of the inherent challenges of other TES technologies, such as low energy density, high volume of stores and high temperature storage. However, THS is currently the furthest away from market commercialisation, with the bulk of the activity firmly embedded in academia and funded research. The storage of heat is achieved through the separation of two different substances. Usually these substances are either two liquids or a solid and a vapour. They are bound by a number of physical principles or binding forces. The stronger the force binding the materials, the higher the temperature required to separate the two materials and therefore to store the heat. Generally, as the temperature increases, so does the energy density. As expressed in the IEA SHC 42/24 position paper this ranges from: From physical sorption caused by surface forces with storage temperatures starting at 30 °C through chemical sorption caused by covalent attraction with temperatures above 100 °C Chemical reactions caused by ionic forces with temperatures above 200 °C. Table 18 – Summary results for THS applications Intra-day, interseasonal Commercial, industrial, district heating 1-5 Potentially very cost effective, but at current state of research very cost intensive and not economical for commercialisation University research (e.g. Loughborough and Warwick University) Unproven technology, chemical challenges, complexity, materials design challenges Unproven in a market environment Likely industrial heat Potentially very high efficiency, but in practice low efficiency due to difficulties for extracting heat from materials. Metric Summary of results Timeframe Application types Market Status / TRL Cost UK companies / projects Technical barriers to deployment Market barriers Technology interaction System efficiency 62PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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