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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies Review of current technological potential The development of THS can help support the decarbonisation of heat through a variety of potential applications, such as storage and transport of waste heat from industrial processes, interseasonal heat storage or potentially for short term heat and electricity balancing. As THS provides much higher storage capacities per mass or volume compared to sensible or latent heat storage, the role it could play is substantial. Currently the primary knowledge around THS is based on research efforts in academia. Trials are carried out for example by the German National Aeronautics and Space Research Centre (DLR), who developed a multifunctional test environment for THS. Another demonstration project was carried out in Germany and lead by the research institute ZAE Bayern. The project explored the utilisation of waste heat from a waste incineration plant, where containers were charged up and transported to a customer using the heat. The project concluded in 2009. Based on the current state in research it is unlikely that THS applications will be commercialised within the next 10 years. The development of real life demonstrators is an area that requires further efforts. This will be crucial for the further development of THS in order to demonstrate the technological potential and confirming the theoretical findings. Current market and product review As highlighted, no THS products are available in the UK. There are a number of UK and continental European universities and research institutes exploring the potential of THS. Examples of UK universities involved in THS research include amongst others, Loughborough University, Warwick University and Nottingham University. There is significant future market potential, especially as THS is a potentially cost effective (per kWh), versatile and efficient thermal storage technology. There are a number of barriers and research gaps highlighted in the following sections that are restricting the further development. Current and future system and technology costs At the current level of research THS is very cost intensive and not economical for commercialisation. The high technology costs remain the primary barrier to the deployment of THS. However, as materials cost decrease and R&D efforts are able to confirm that a high system efficiency and large storage capacity are realisable, then THS could potentially be a very cost effective thermal storage solution. The required cost reduction for THS systems is one of the key areas research is focusing on. The primary areas providing cost reduction potential are the use of new materials and effective system integration through further trials and demonstrators. Given the very early stage development of THS, a future cost reduction potential cannot be provided with the necessary degree of certainty. Much will depend on step-changes in the state of research. 63PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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