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Evidence Gathering: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies Future technological potential and development THS still requires further development and there are a number of important potential application areas that are subject to the progress of current and future research. These include the: Interseasonal heat storage from solar energy. The storage and transport of industrial waste heat from one process / plant to a different location / industrial process or to a residential area. Additionally, due to the high energy density of THS materials, they could play an important role for converting power to heat and therefore provide grid balancing services. As THS is still at an early R&D stage, it can be expected that further improvements and step changes are possible. For example, work carried out under the IEA SHC Annex 42/24 (Sibbitt & McClenahan, 2015) highlights that first laboratory tests of systems using already existing materials (e.g. zeolites, salt hydrates and composite materials) are being undertaken in 2015 and 2016. Field tests with such laboratory tested systems would then likely follow within the next five to ten years. Key barriers to deployment The most prohibitive barrier for the deployment of THS is the upfront cost and investment required for technology and product development. Costs remain very uncertain; more certainty on potential cost-effectiveness will require time and further research. The technical barriers for the further development of THS can be summarised as: Materials research Component development and design System design and integration Basic research is still required to fully understand the physical and chemical characteristics of the different potential materials. Specific issues such as the development of novel sorption materials, how to choose different chemical materials and understand how they react, as well as the way components operate in the vacuum conditions of a thermochemical heat store are being addressed by research. Importantly there remain significant challenges and gaps in knowledge around cycling behaviour, toxicity and safety, corrosiveness, energy storage density of various materials, reaction temperature and rate / speed of reaction. Due to the variety of potential THS technologies, a detailed analysis would be outside the scope of this study. Gaps in knowledge remain and would require the further exploration of THS. 64PDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Technologies
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